Private practice, Fort Dodge, Iowa, 1891-1911
Prosecutor, Webster County, Iowa, 1892-1896
Private practice, Webster County, Iowa, 1897-1900, 1902-1904
Judge, Iowa District Court, Eleventh Judicial District, 1900-1902
General counsel, Illinois Central Railroad, 1904-1907
Assistant to the Attorney General of the United States, 1910-1911
U.S. senator from Iowa, 1911-1922