Private practice, Canton, Ohio, 1872-1897, 1899
Judge, Ohio Court of Common Pleas, Ninth Judicial District, 1886-1887
Assistant secretary of state, 1897-1898
Secretary of State, 1898
Chairman, U.S. delegation to Paris Peace Conference with Spain, 1898-1899
Umpire, Mixed Claims Commission to Adjudicate War Claims against Germany, 1922-1923
Recess appointment to U.S. District Court, Northern District of Ohio, 1889; declined
Allotment as Circuit Justice:
Seventh Circuit, March 9, 1903-March 17, 1912
Sixth Circuit, March 18, 1912-November 13, 1922