Private practice, Fort Benton, Montana Territory, 1880-1887
Collector of customs, Montana and Idaho Territories, 1881-1885
Delegate, Montana constitutional convention, 1884
Attorney general, Montana Territory, 1885-1887
State representative, Montana, 1889
Judge, Montana District Court, First Judicial District, 1889-1894
Justice, Montana Supreme Court, 1894-1900
Secretary, Puerto Rico, 1900-1901
Governor, Puerto Rico, 1901-1904
Private practice, San Francisco, California, 1928-1942
Nominated to U.S. Court of Customs Appeals, January 5, 1910; nomination withdrawn by president, February 22, 1910