U.S. Army Reserve, 1971-1980
Trial attorney, Office of the Public Defender, St. Louis, Missouri, 1984-1987
Special public defender and trial attorney, Office of the Special Public Defender, St. Louis, Missouri, 1987-1989
Private practice, St. Louis, Missouri, 1987-1993, 2007-2014
State representative, Missouri, 1989-1993
City counselor, St. Louis, Missouri, 1993-1994
Judge, Missouri Court of Appeals, Eastern District, 1994-1995
Judge, Supreme Court of Missouri, 1995-2007; chief justice, 2003-2005
Nominated to U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri, June 26, 1997; no Senate vote
Nominated to U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri, January 26, 1999; rejected by Senate, October 5, 1999
Nominated to U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri, November 7, 2013; no Senate vote