U.S. Army, Seventh Michigan Cavalry, 1864
Private practice, Pentwater, Michigan, 1871-1873
Assistant assessor of internal revenue, State of Michigan, 1873
Prosecutor, Oceana County, Michigan, 1873-1877
Private practice, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1877, 1888-1891
Assistant U.S. attorney, Western District of Michigan, 1877-1881
Judge, Michigan Circuit Court, Seventeenth Judicial Circuit, 1881-1888
Justice, Michigan Supreme Court, 1892-1910; chief justice, 1900-1901, 1910