Clerk, U.S. Department of State, 1870-1872
Private secretary, U.S. Agent J. C. Bancroft Davis, Joint High Commission, Geneva, Switzerland, 1872
Private secretary, Secretary of State Hamilton Fish, 1872-1873
Clerk, Court of Commissioners of Alabama Claims, 1874
Private practice, New York City and Washington, D.C., 1874-1881
Assistant counsel of the United States, French-American Claims Commission, 1881-1882
First assistant and acting secretary of state, 1882-1885