Confederate Army private, Thirteenth North Carolina Infantry and First North Carolina Cavalry
Private practice, North Carolina, 1868-1880, 1885-1897
State representative, North Carolina, 1874-1875
Delegate, North Carolina constitutional convention, 1875
U.S. attorney for the Western District of North Carolina, 1880-1885
Assistant attorney general, U.S. Department of Justice, 1897-1900