Assistant superintendent of public schools, Kanawha County, West Virginia, 1868-1870
Collector of tolls, Kanawha [West Virginia] River Board, 1869-1871
Postmaster, Charleston, West Virginia, 1871-1877
Private practice, Charleston, West Virginia, 1875-1877
Editor, Wheeling [West Virginia] Standard, 1877-1878
Revenue agent, Bureau of Internal Revenue, U.S. Department of the Treasury, Wheeling, West Virginia, 1879-1881
U.S. marshal, District of West Virginia, 1881-1885
U.S. representative from West Virginia, 1890-1891
Editor, West Virginia Journal, Wheeling, West Virginia, 1891-1896
Private practice, Wheeling, West Virginia, 1891-1896
Governor, West Virginia, 1897-1901
U.S. attorney for the Southern District of West Virginia, 1901-1905