Private practice, Keokuk, Iowa, 1856-1857, 1858-1861, 1862-1869
State representative, Iowa, 1857
State senator, Iowa, 1861-1865
U.S. representative from Iowa, 1869-1877
Secretary of War, 1877-1879
Private practice, Kansas City, Missouri, 1884-1890
General counsel, Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad Company, Kansas City, Missouri, 1884-1890