600
93FIDDERAL REPORTER.
court' below August 18, 1898. This document constituted no part of the grounds upon which the court below acted inaUQ,;wing the appealin question, and was never under the consideration of that court. Rule 11 of the ,circuit courts of appeal (31 C. C. A. cxlvi., 90 Fed. c:rlvi.) declares, in plain terms, that the plaintiff in error or appellant shall file with the clerk of the court below, with his petition for the writ of error or appeal, an assignment of errors, which shall set out separately and particularly each error asserted and intended to be urged, and that no writ of error or appeal shall be' allowed until such assignment of errors shall have been filed. 'l'he rule further declares that such assignment of erro,rs shall form part of the transcript of the record, and be printed with it, and that, when this is not done, counsel will not be heard, except at the request of the court, and that errors not assigned according to this rule will be disregarded; reserving, however, to the court the right, at its option, to notice a plain errQr not assigned. The filing of an assignment of errors is thus made an essential condition to the granting of a writ of error or the allowance of an appeal, and its purpose has been many times stated by the courts. In Doe v. Mining Co., 17 C. C. A. 196, 70 Fed. 456, this court said its purpose is "to apprise the opposite counsel and the court of the particular legal points relied upon for a reversal of the judgment of the trial court"; and, further, that "the attempt to make the assignment of errors more particular in a brief is not proper." "It is in fact," said the court, "an attempt to amend the record in this particular without the permission of court." In McFarlane v. Golling, 22 C. C. A. 23, 24, 76 Fed. 24, the circuit court of appeals for the Seventh circuit said: "The requirement of rule 11 (11 C. C. A. eli., 47 Fed. vI.) , tbat the assignment of errors shall be filed 'with the clerk of tbe court below, 'with the petition for the writ of error or appeal,' was designed to bring into the record at that time a separate and particular stat.ement 'of each error asserted and intended to be urged'; and to a large extent the rule Isa nulllty1f, under general and Indefinite specifications like those quoted, the appellant may be able afterwards to bring forward objections t.o the decree or judgment, which, when error was assigned, bad Dot been thought of."
In Dufour v. Lang, 4 O. O. A 663, 54 Fed. 913, the court said: "The purpose of the rule is advise the adversary as to what he is to defend, and to aid the appellate court In reviewing tbe case."
In the case last cited the court showed that rule 11 of the circuit courts of appeal is based on the provisions of sections 997 and 1012 of the Revised Statutes, the first of which declares "there shall be annexed to and returned with any writ of error for the removal of a cause, at the day and place therein mentioned, an authenticated transcript of the record, an assignment of errors, and a prayer for reversal, with a citation to the adverse party"; and the second of which provides that "appeals from the circuit CQurts and district courts acting as circuit courts, and from district courts in prize causes, shall be subject to the same rules, regulations, and restrictions as are or may be prescribed in law in cases of writs of error." The assignment of eITors, being, as thus seen, essential to the allowance of an appeal or the granting of a writ of error, becomes an im-
MAYER V. FT. WOUTH & D. C. R. CO.
601
portant part of the record, and is one of the things upon which the trial court acts in granting the writ or allowing the appeal. It is plain, therefore, that such assignment constitutes an essential part of the record to be presented to this court, and that it cannot be superseded by a subsequent assignment of errors,-certainly not by one filed without leave of the court. In U. S. v. Goodrich, 4 C. C. A. 160, 54 21, the circuit court of appeals for the Eighth circuit held that it "will not consider errors the assignment of which is not made and filed in the court below when the appeal or writ of eTror is allowed." In Insurance Co. v. Oonoley, 11 C. C. A. 116, 117, 63 Fed. 180, the circuit court of appeals for the Fourth circuit held that it would not con· sider an assignment of errors not filed in the trial court by the plaintiff in error at the time he filed his petition for the writ, tho-ugh the trial court, at the time such petition was filed and the writ of error was allowed, granted additional time for filing assignments of elTor, and notwithstanding they were filed within the time granted. See, also, Flahrity v. Railway Co., 6 G. C. A. 167, 56 Fed. 908; Crabtree v. iYlcCurtain, 10 C. C. A. 86,61 Fed. 808; Grape Creek Coal 00. v. Fanners' Loan & Trust Co., 12 C. C. A. 350, 63 Fed. 891; Van Gunden v. Iron Co., 3 C. O. A. 294,52 Fed. 838; Railway Co. v. Reeder, 22 C. C. A. 314., 76 Fed. 550; City of Lincoln v. Sun Vapor Co. of Canton, 8 C. C. A. 253, 59 Fed. 759; Deitsch v. Wiggins, 15 Wall. 539. Upon the ground that the record does not contain, and the brief of the appellant does not rely upon, any assignment of errors filed in the court below at the time of the allowance of the appeal, the judgment is affirmed. MAYER v. FT. WORTH & D. C. R. CO. et al. (CIrcuit Court, S. D. New York. April 8, 1899.) REMOVAL 01" CAUSES-TIME FOR FILING PETITION.
Under rule 24 of the general rules of practice of New York adopted January 1, 1896, which provides for the extension of the time for serving a pleading "by stipulation or order," a stipulation extending the time may be regarded as fixing the time when the to answer untll a date defendant Is required to answer "by the rule of the state court" within the meaning of the removal act, and a petition for removal filed previous to that date is In time.
On Motion to Remand. A. J. Dittenhoefer, for plaintifr. Noah H. Swayne, for certain defendants. LACOMBE, Circuit Judge. It is contended that the cause was removed too late, because, although there had been a stipulation between counsel that time to answer might be extended to a date subsequent to that on which petition for removal was filed, no order of court to that effect had ever been obtained. Such contention is in accordance with the decision of this court in Schipper v. Cordage Co., 72 Fed. 803, and in subsequent cases. As the rules of the state court then stood, it was thought that a mere stipulation to extend (without ()rder) cOll.ld not be constmed as requiring answer to be served on the