91 FEDERAL REPORTER; "Par. 133. Green and colored glass bottles, vials, demijohns, and carboys, pickle or preserve jars, and other plain, moulded, or pressed green and colored bottle-glass, not cut, engraved, or painted, and not specially enumerated or provided for In this act, one cent per pound; If filled, and not otherwise In this act provided for, said articles shall pay thirty per centum ad valorem In addition to the duty on the contents. "Par. 134. Flint and lime glass bottles and vials, and other plain, moulded, or pressed flint or lime glassware, not specially enumerated or provided for In this act, forty per centum ad valorem; If filled, and not otherwise In this act provided for, said articles shall pay, exclusive of contents, forty per centum ad valorem In addition to the duty on the contents." "Par. 136. All glass bottles and decanters, and other like vessels of glass, shall, if filled, pay the same rates of duty, In addition to any duty chargeable on the contents, as If not filled, except as in this act otherwise specially provided for."
Comparison of these paragraphs with paragraph 88 of the act of 1894 will show quite clearly how the provisions as to filled bottles have been modified. The decision of the circuit court is affirmed.
KOECHL v. UNITED STATES.
(Circuit Court of Appeals, Second Circuit. No.3.
December 7, 1898.)
1.
CUSTOMS DUTIES-CLASSIFICATION-MEDICAL PRF.PARATIONS.
2.
An importation of antipyrine which falls within the terms of both paragraph 19 of the tarlJr law of 1890 as a product of coal-tar, not a color or dye, and of paragraph 74 as a medicinal preparation of which alcohol is a component part, or in the preparation of which alcohol Is used, Is dutiable under paragraph 74, as being more specific. 1
SAME-CONSTRUCTION OF STATUTE.
Paragraph 74 of t.he tariff law of 1890, which covers "all medicinal preparations * * * of which alcohol Is a component part or In the preparation of which alcohol Is used, not specially provided for," Includes all such preparations In the manufllCture of which alcohol Is used In any way, though It Dlay be broken up to form other Ingredients. An Importer may protest against a classification on alternative grounds, where the proper classification Is doubtful, and the fact that his protest Is sustained on one of the grounds does not estop him from appealing on the ground that the other states the correct classification.
3. SAME-PROTESTS ON ALTERNA'nIVE GROUKDS-EsTOPPEL.
Appeal from the Circuit Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York. This is an appeal by the importer from a decision of the circuit . court sustaining a decision of the board of general appraisers which sustained the action of the collector in classifying for duty certain imported merchandise. Edward Hartley, for appellant. J. T. Van Rensselaer, for the United States. WALLACE, LACOMBE, and SHIPMAN, Circuit Judges. 1 For Interpretation of commercial and trade terms in tariff laws, see note to Dennison Mfg. Co. v. U. S., 18 C. C. A. 545. .
KOECHL V. UNITED STATES.
111
PER CURIAM. The question on tbis appeal is whether certain importations of antipyrine should have been classified for duty under paragraph 19 of the tariff act of October 1, 1890, or under paragraph 74 of that act. Paragraph 19 reads as follows: "All preparations of coal tar, not colors or dyes, not especially provided for in this act, twenty per cent. ad valorem." Paragraph 74 reads as follows: "All medicinal preparations, including medicinal proprietary preparations, of which alcohol is a component part, or in the preparation of which alcohol is used, not especially provided for in this act, fifty cents per pound." The case is one for the application of the familiar rule of tariff law that where a dutiable article falls within the terms of two enumerations, one of which is the more general and the other the more specific, the specific, and not the general, controls, and prescribes the duty. If one of the foregoing paragraphs had enumerated "all preparations of coal tar," and the other "all medicinal preparations," the question would be one of more difficulty than it now seems to be. But paragraph 19 enumerates an entire class of articles with the two excep· tions of colors and dyes; while paragraph 74 enumerates a single variety of a class,-those medicinal preparations only in the prepara· tion of which alcohol is used. The enumeration by class being gen· eral, and that by species being more definite, and the importations in question being exactly described by paragraph 74, that paragraph fixes the duty. . Our attention has been called to the case of U. S. v. Battle & Co. Chemists Corp., 4 C. C. A. 249, 54 Fed. 141, where paragraph 74 was somewhat considered by the court. In that case it was doubtful· whether the importation was a medicinal preparation; and, if it was a medicinal preparation, it was prepared with or without the use of alcohol, according to the process preferred by the manufacturer. As it was also a "chemical compound," within the enumeration of para· graph 76 of the act, the court concluded it to be dutiable under that provision. So far as the opinion intimates that paragraph 74 does not apply to medicinal preparations in which alcohol is not used as an ingredient without being broken up, we are unable to concur. Alco· hoI so used might not be a component part of the preparation; but paragraph 74 includes, not only medicinal preparations of which alco· hoI is a component part, but also those in the preparation of which it is used, and, as it seems to us, ex industria covers all medicinal preparations in the manufacture of which alcohol is used in any way. In the present case the importers protested against the classification article was for duty adopted by the collector upon the ground that dutiable under paragraph 74 of the act, or alternatively under para· graph 19. It is insisted for the government that, the importer having prevailed upon the ground that it should have been classifi!;d under paragraph 19, he cannot now be heard to insist upon the other ground of protest. There is no merit in this contention. Protests upon alternative grounds are proper, and in many cases the question as to which one of several tariff provisions should control in the classifica· tion of an importation is so doubtful that the importer is fully justi· fied in leaving it to the courts. It would impose upon the importer a great hardship to compel him to decide this question himself, when he
112 is" entitled to the benefit of One of several enumerations, but the particular one is to be ascertained by judicial construction. These con· clusions lead to a reversal of the decision of the circuit court and of the board of general appraisers.
DINGELSTllJDT et a1. v. UNITED STATES. UNITED STEDT etal. SAME v. REISINGER. (Circuit Court of Second Circuit. Nos. 19, 36, 37. 1. CUSTOMS DUTIES TERMS, CONSTRUCTION OF STATUTE -
v. DINGEL-
LIMITATION OF GENERAL
The phrase, "all article!! composed · · · of mineral substances," as used In paragraph 86 of the tariff act of 1894, which is a part of Schedule B, relatIng to "Earths, Earthenware, and Glassware," and fixes the duty on articles not specially provIded for, must be construed, by reason of the ,collocation of tht>parl\graph In a restrIcted sense, as applying only to articleS, composed of mineral, substances similar to those enumerated in that schedule. 1
2. SAME-CLASSIFICATION..,-ARC-LtGHT CARBONS"
Carbon poInts for arc lights, composedchiefiy of lampblack, natural graphite, and carbon products resulting froIn the dIstIllation of coal, coke, or 'petroleum and coal tar, In varying proportions, the lampblack being produced by the combustion of eIther mineral or vegetable SUbstances, are dutIable, under section 3 of t,he tariff law of 1894, as manufactured articles not provided for, and not under paragraph 86, as articles composed of mineral substances not specially provIded for, nor can they be classified under ,paragraph 443, In the free list, as preparations of coal tar.
Appeal from the Circuit Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York. ' These ,causes come here upon cross appeals in the first of them, and upon the importer's, appeal in the last of them, from decisions district of New York (the causes were of the Cil:Cllit court, argued Jogether), reversing decisions of the board of general appraisers (87, Fed. 190), whicp, ,affirmed decisions of the collector of the port,ot New York touching the classification for dUty of certain im· carbons." \," provisions. of the tariff act of 1894 are: ,i
"40. [Paillts, colOrS, and, varllishes.} Black, made from bone, Ivory, or vegetable, ulluer whatever Wime known, IncludIng bone blaclr and lampblack, dry or gtound'in oil or W'f!,ter. twenty per centum ad valorem." "86. AlllIrtiCles composed of earthen or mineral substances, including lava tips for burners, not, specially provIded for in this act, if decorated in any manner, :(ortyper centullkadvalorem; if thirty per centum ad valorem.·',,, , ·' .· ,_ , . ' ' "443. Coal, tllr,crude, and all preparations except medicinal coal-tar preparations'and products of 'coal tar, not colors or dyes, not specially provided for In thIs; act '[free]." .'fSec. 8., T1;Iltttbere shall be levied, collected and paid on the Importation of or provided for in this all rll'\Yqr ullIIlanufacturedarticles,; i
1 For interpretation .of and trade terms in tarIff laws, see llote to Dennison Mfg. Co. v. U. ,S., 18 C. C. A. 541>·.