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90 FEDERAL REPORTER.
said to have been made by an employe of the defendants, that the machines used by the Homestead Mica Company were the same as the complainant's patented machines. This statement of fact is uncorroborated by the testimony of any expert who has seen or examined either machine. Standing alone, such testimony would not carry convincing weight to the mind of the court; much less does it do so when, as in this case, the employe denies having made the statement attributed to him. The defendants' answering affidavits call attention to radical differences in the machines, and their exhibits of prior patents cast a doubt upon the novelty of the complainant's device. Under the rule approved by the circuit court of appeals in this circuit in the case of Whippany Mfg. Co. v. United Indurated Fibre Co., 30 C. C. A. 615, 87 Fed. 215, the motion for preliminary injunction will be denied.
TOWER v. EAGLE PENCIL CO. (Circuit Court, S. D. lS'ew York. PATENTS-CORK SLEEVE FOR PENHor,DERs.
November 19, 1898.)
The Tower patent, No. 378,223, for a penholder with a cork sleeve for ease of the fingers, held valid, and infringed.
This was a suit in equity by Levi L. Tower against the Eagle Pencil Company for infringement of a patent. Walter S. LJgan, for plaintiff. Marcellus Bailey, for defendant WHEELER, District Judge. The patent in suit is No. 378,223, dated February 21, 1888, and granted to the plaintiff for a penholder with a cork sleeve for ease of the fingers, fitting smoothly over a round tenon against a square shoulder on the lower end of the body of the holder, and strengthened by a metal tube on the end of the tenon inside the sleeve, with radial points turned outward from the end of the tube over the lower end of the sleeve, and with a slot in the end of the tenon permitting the sides to spring inwardly and admit the pen between one of them and the tube. The specification, referring by letters to the parts aptly shown in drawings, sets forth: "In order that the sleeve, E, of cork may be protected from abrasion when inserting the pen, P, in position in the holder, I provide a metal re-enforce tube, H, which fits snugly upon the slotted tenon, B, and within the longitudinal opening formed through the said cork sleeve, E, and has its lower end portion formed into a series of radial points, L, which are turned outward over and upon the lower end of the cork sleeve, Whereby the rigidity of the pen is within the cork sleeve,. and the liability of its being broken is greatly diminished, as it is protected by .the points, L. "It will be seen and understood that by the construction of the penholder as above set forth I am enabled to employ a very thin sleeve of cork. and retain all of its desirable qualities, with little expense, as its exterior 'velvety surface,' which is so agreeable to the fingers, when held a long time in writing, and which had heretofore required an inconvenient size, and, on account of the brittleness of cork when made of a solid piece, rendered the same objectionable, as well as the increased cost of production. I fully these and other defects by my present invention, which forms a cheap, simple, convenient, and durable penholder of superior quality. I am aware that
IJ:OWEB V. EAGLE PENCIL CO·
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· '" The claim is for-
-'i -.,
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solid cork penholders are old and well known, and that penholders have been constructed with hard-rubber sleeves, and also with elastic rubber sleeves and with metal tips. Therefore I do not claim cork, or any other material, hut limit my invention to the novel construction of the thin cork sleeve reenforced with a metal tube, and protected from abrasion at the ends, as set forth." "A penholder consisting of the body portion, A, provided with a tenon, B, having an annular soeket or groove, D, provided with a cork sleeve, E, one end of which is fitted within the said groove, and its opposite end portion provided with a re-enforce metal tube, H, having a series of points, L, which contact with the end of the said sleeve, as shown. all being constructed and arranged substantially as described."
The limitations of the field of invention by prior things and patents are substantially well stated in the patent as shown by these extracts. Cork was not new, nor were sleeves of different material in softness or elasticity from the body of the holders; and, if this was a mere substitution of cork for rubber, there would be great difficulty in finding here any patentable invention, as there was in Hotchkiss v. Greenwood, 11 How. 248. But that does not seem to be exactly this case. Cork appears to be very desirable in this place; but, from its bulk in pro· portion to its strength, it was difficult to be had there in convenient ..,ize and shape. It could not be held in place, nor maintain itself,
664
as rubbell,'would. The invention was of means to make the substitution. The,bQdy was to be contrived of convenient size, with the proper tenoniuld shoulder, for holding the cork sleeve, without having it too large, or in the way, at the upper end; and the metal tube with outward turning points, for protecting the sleeve at the lower end, and for holding the pen, was to be planned. This could not probably be accomplished by telling a good workman in penholders to do it. Creative thought and calculation seem to have been necessary, and to have been suffiCiently involved in arranging the parts, although old, or of old material, to amount to patentable invention. O. & A. Potts & Co. v. Creager, 155 U. S. 597, 15 Sup. Ot. 194. The penholder brought out was a new, and seemingly a patentable, manufacture. The defendant's penholder' seems to made in exact accordance with the plaintiff's patent, except that the metal tube, instead of be· ing formed at the lower end into a series of radial points, which are turned outward, over and upon the lower end of the cork sleeve, is turned outward whole against the end edge of the cork sleeve, which is left, or made, perpendicular. This difference, however, does not seem to be actually material,. or to have been conclusively made material, by the terms of the patent. The turned outward straight edge of the defendant's tube does the same thing as the turned outward crooked edge of the metal tube of the patent, and in substantially the same way. The one is the equivalent of the other so far as either is material, and the variance is in an unimportant detail. The substance of the patented invention appears to have been taken. Decree for plaintiff. BALL & SOCKET FASTENER CO. v. COHN et al. (Circuit Court, S. D. New York. December 5, 1898.)
PATENTS-SUIT FOR INFRINGEMENT-MuLTIFARIOUSNESS OF BILL.
A bill for the infringement of a patent, which also alleges, and seeks to recover' damages for, unfair trade and competition in the sale of the patented article prior to the issuance of the patent, is multifar(ous; the two causes of action being entirely distinct from each other.
These are two suits in equity by the Ball & Socket Fastener Company against Julius Cohn and others, each for the infringement of a patent, and for an accounting, and the recovery of damages for unfair competition in trade. Heard on demurrers to the bills. George O. G. Coale, for plaintiff. Odin B. Roberts, for defendants. WHEELER, District Judge. One suit is brought for alleged in· fringement of patent No. 604,637, applied for June 20,1895, dated May 24, 1898, and granted to William S. Richardson, assignor to the plaintiff, for an improvement in detachable fasteners for gloves and gar· ments. The other is brought for alleged infringement of design patent No. 27,865, applied for April 29, 1897, dated November 16, 1897, granted to William S. Richardson for a design for the socket member