BROADIS V. BROADIS.
951
in under the leave granted the Hamlins to bring in other preferred stockholders by advertisement, to unite with them in their answer and cross bill; but he attempted to file a different pleading, and to enlarge the grounds for invalidating the bonds. He does not show that he has notbought his stock just for the purpose of becoming a party to the litigation. He delayed his application until a few days before the time for taking evidence on all issues had closed. He offered to abide by and rest his case on the evidence already taken. Under all the circumstances, he must be content to become a party to the Hamlin answer and cross bill. He is too late to introduce new issues.. His application is denied, and his intervening petition, filed without leave, is stricken from the files. In the view I have taken, it has not been necessary for me to consider whether the defenses to the bonds argued and based on sections 3290 and 3313 of the Ohio Statutes have been properly raised upon the pleadings. Whether they have been properly pleaded or not, they must fail. A decree for sale will be entered on the foreclosure bill. Oue has been prepared by counsel for complainant, the Continental Trust Company. It will be entered with some slight alterations. The counsel for Stout & Purdy, the complainants in the creditors' bill, may prepare a decree for sale on the creditors' bill, and it will also be entered. The ease will be referred back to the master to report his findings of fact and conclusions of law upon the amount and validity of the claims filed by creditors coming in under the advertisement on the creditors' bill, except as to the claim of the bondholders. the validity and amount of which will be fixed in the decree for sale, and except as to the judgment claim of Stout & Purdy, upon which the creditors' bill is founded. This reference to the master will not delay proceedings under the decree for sale.
BROADIS v. BROADIS et al. (Circuit Court, N. D. California. No. 12,033.
April 4, 1898.)
1.
FEDERAL COURTS-JURISDICTION.
Where a suit between citizens of the same state has been brought in a federal court, by collusion or otherwise, on the ground of defendant's alienage, amI a default decree entered, such proceedings are Wholly without jurisdiction and void, and injunction will lie against the execution of the decree. A suit to restrain a decree entered in another eqUity suit in the same court may be sustained in a federal court, although all parties are citizens of the same state, as it is not an original suit, but purely ancillary and supplementary to the previous one; especially where the United States marshal is a party defendant. The court has inherent jurisdiction over its own process, to prevent abuse.
2.
SAME-SUPPLEMENTARY SUIT.
8.
CITIZENSHIP-MARRIAGE TO CITIZEN-NATI.TRALIZATJON 0]' NEGROES.
Section 1994, Rev. St. U. S., providing that "any woman who is now or hereafter may be married to a citizen of the United States, and Who might herself be,lawfully naturalized, shall be deemed a citizen," applies to women of African blood since the act of July 14, 1870, extending the naturalization laws to persons of· African birth or descent.
952 4.
86 FEDERAL :RlllPORTER.
EQUITY-JURISDICTION-RETAINING FOR COMPLETE REI,TEF.
While a court Of equity, having taken jUrisdiction of a case tor one purpose, will, In general, retain it for all purposes, so as to do complete justice, still, where 'It has oqtained jurisdiction only to pass upon the validity of a decree of foreclosure, It cannot go further, and pass upon the validity of the mortgages themselves, and of the title sought to be conveyed thereby.
Bart Burk and Reddy, Campbell & Metson, for complainant. Moses G. Cobb, for defendant Peter Dorey. MORROW, Circuit Judge. This is a bill in equity, brought by the complainant against Ellen Maria Broadis, his wife, Peter Dorey, and Barry Baldwin, United States marshal for the Northern district of California, to enjoin the latter, as United States marshal, from s'elling certaiu real estate alleged to belong to the complainant as a homestead, and which the United States marshal was directed to sell by the order of this court, made and entered in the case of Peter Dorey against Ellen Maria Broadis, No. 11,939, which order of sale was made by virtue of a certain decree of foreclosure of two certain mortgages held by Peter Dorey from Ellen Maria Broadis, and covering the land claimed by the complainant in the present suit as a homestead. The suit is also brought to have declared null and void the judgment and decree of foreclosure referred to, and the order of sale issued thereunder, and also to have declared null and void a certain deed executed by said complaiuant to Ellen Maria Broadis, covering the land in question, and the two mortgages executed by Ellen Maria Broadis to Peter Dorey, under which mortgages the decree of foreclosure in the case reo ferred to was obtained by said Peter Dorey against said Ellen Maria Broadis. The real estate covered by the homestead, deed, and mortgages respectively is situated in the county of Santa Cruz, state of California, and is fully described in the bill in this case. The suit may be said to be, in effect, one to vacate the judgment. and decree of this court, rendered in the previous suit of Peter Dorcy against Ellen Maria Broadis, on the ground of collusion and fraud practiced on this court, and that the court had no power to take jurisdiction of that case on the ground that both parties were citizens of the state of California. The alleged collusion and fraud is alleged in the present bill to consist in the fact that it was averred falsely in the bill in that case that the defendant Ellen Maria Broadis was an alien and a subject of the queen of Great Britain and Ireland, whereas in trnth and in fact she was a citizen of the United States and of the state of California. The present complainant was not made a party to the suit of Peter Dorey against Ellen Maria Broadis. Although it appears that Ellen Maria Broadis was served with the process of subpcena in the present suit, she failed to appear, and the case is contested by Peter Dorey alone. A preliminary injunction was granted to the complainant, restraining the United States marshal from selling the real estate under the decree of foreclosure rendered in the case referred to. Testimony has been taken on both sides, and the case will now be disposed of finally. It appears that the complainant, James Broadis, is a citizen of the United States and of the state ,of California, and has been a
953
resident of this state since 1849; that he is a negro, having at one time been a slave; that Ellen Maria Broadis, the sole defendant in the case of Peter Dorey against Ellen' Maria Broadis, and one of the defendants made by the bill in the present suit, is his wife; that she is a woman of African descent; that he was married to her some time in 1861; that they have remained during all this time husband and wife, although it appears in evidence that she left him some time in 1889, and has not since returned to him; that on the 29th of December, 1877, the complainant was the own. er in fee of certain pieces of real estate described in the bill, situated in the county of Santa Cruz, state of California, the same being the land covered by the deed and the two mortgages to be hereafter referred to; that Oil February 25, 1880, he made, executed, and filed for record in the recorder's office of the county of . Santa Cruz a declaration of homestead upon the said lands; that the same was recorded on March 1, 1880, and that the said homestead, or the declaration thereof, has never been canceled, annulled, set aside, or abandoned, but still remains in full force and effect, and has been since said time, and now is, occupied and used by the complainant and his minor child and children as a homestead; that subsequently, on February 14, 1888, while being sick, infirm, and ignorant, and not being able to read or write, and confiding greatly in his wife, said Ellen Maria Broadis, he was induced by her to sign and acknowledge a deed of gift to her of the real estate described in the bill, and covered by said homestead declaration; that he never delivered the same to her, but left it in her possession until such time as he should request her to record the same; that the deed was made conditionally, pend. ing his illness, and was to be recorded only in the event of his death, to save expense; that thereafter Ellen Maria Broadis left complainant's home, and came to San Francisco, and that she declined to return to complainant's home or to live with him; that subsequently, and without the consent or direction of the complainant, and in violation of the understanding and agreement had between them in respect to the delivery and recording of the deed, she filed and recorded said deed; that she borrowed considerable money, amounting in the aggregate to $3,300, from one Peter Dorcy, a resident of San Francis'co, and that, as security for said loans, she gave her two promissory notes therefor and two separate mortgages on the real 13tate covered by said homestead; that said mortgages were duly acknowledged, executed, filed, and recorded; that, failing to pay the amount of said notes and interest, said Peter Dorcy brought suit in this court against Ellen Maria Broadis to foreclose both of said mortgages; that the ground upon which the jurisdiction of this court in that case was invoked was because it was alleged that Ellen Maria Broadis was an alien, and a subject of the queen of Great Britain and Ireland; that said Ellen Maria Broadis was duly served with the process of subpcena issued in the said snit, but that she failed to appear, and judgment pro confesso was taken against her; that a decree foreclosing the two mortgages referred to, and directing a sale of the property, was duly made and entered; that a copy of the decree and
954
86 FlllDERAL'JREPORTER.
order of sale :was delivered by: the ;cIefehdant Peter Dorey to Barry Baldwin, the United: States marshaljIDldsa.id Baldwin, in accord· ance, 'With '. the terms of the said' decree, 'duly advertised said prop· ertyfor sale, at pUblic auction. Thereupon the complainant brought the present Buit to enjoin and prevent the sale of the property, to set aside, vacate, and annul the decree of foreclosure rendered in that case, and to have the deed and the two mortgages declared void. It is objected, in the first place; to the consideration of the case, that this court has no jurisdiction of the suit, as all the parties are citizens of the state of California. If it were an original suit, this objection to the jurisdiction would be valid. ' But it is clear· ly not an original suit. It is a suit auxiliary and" ancillary to the previous suit in this court of Peter Dorey against Ellen Maria . Broadis. It is a bill filed on the equity side of the court, to reo strain a decree in another equity suit in the same court, and thereby prevent an injustice. It is therefore supplementary merely to the original suit out of which it has arisen, and can be maintained without reference to the citizenship or residence of the parties. Besides, it is brought against the: United States marshal, an offi· cer of the court, to enjoin him from executing the order of this court rendered in the case of Peter Dorcy against Ellen Maria Broadis. The case of Krippendorf v; Hyde, 110 U. S. 276, 4 Sup. Ct. 27, is conclusive on the questions of the ancillary nature of a such as that instituted in the case at bar, and of the inher· ent jurisdiction of the court over its own process to prevent abuse, oppression, and injus1tice. See,further, Freeman v. Howe, 24 How. 450; Pacific R. Co. 'df Missouri v; Missouri Pac. Ry. Co., 111 U. S. 505, 522, 4 Sup. Ct. 583;,Jonesv. Andrews; 10 Wall. 327, 333; U. S.'1J76,4Sup. Ct. 355; McDonald v. SeligCovell man; 81 753, and cases there cited. The next question is whether' or not Ellen Maria Broadis was, at the time she was sued by Peter Dorcy in the case referred to, a citizen of the United StatNI's'nd of the state, of California. If she was, it is manifest that the circuit court would be incompetent to take jurisdiction, land that' its proceedings in that case were wholly null' and void. This is the abuse of the process of this court, which the present bill is brought to correct and prevent. As it was' averred in the bill filed in that case that she was an alien,and, sheifailed to appear, though served with process, the court took jurisdiction of the case, upon the assumption that she. was an alien. The averment of the bill in this respect was not true. That was a citizen of the United States and of this state, at the time Peter Dorcy brought suit in this court against her, is conclusively established by the fact that she was married to James Broadis, who was a citizen of the United States, and of the state of California. It is true that there is some testimony tending to show that she was born in Canada. This is, however, contradicted by the complainant, who testified· that she told him that she was born iu Maine. However that may be, andassdriling, for the pur· poses of the case, that she was born in Canada, still she was a eitizen of the United States and of this state by virtue of the fact that she was married to a citizen of the United 'States and Of this state.
BROADIS, V. BROADIS.
9.55
In other words, the political status of her hus,band was impressed on her. Section 1994 of the Revised Statutes of the United States provides that "any woman who is now or may hereafter be married to a citizen of the United States, and who might herself be lawfully naturalized, shall be deemed a citizen." This doctrine was further settled by judicial construction in the case of Kelly v. Owen, 7 Wall. 496. It is trne that that case was limited, in its ffect, to white women, and did not apply to women of African descent. In the case at bar, as previously stated, both the complainant and his wife are persons of African descent. But the deci!lion was rendered previous to the act of July 14, 1870 (16 Stat. 256), which extended the naturalization laws to aliens of African nativity and to persons of African descent. Since the extension of the naturalization laws to persons of African des,cent, the reasoning of the decision is equally applicable to negro women. Upon the general proposition, see Kane v. McCarthy, 63 N. C. 299; Burton v. Burton, *40 N. Y. 359; Webst. Citizenship, pp. 295-300. It therefore conclusively appears that Ellen Maria Broadis was, at the time of the suit against her by Peter Dorey, the wife of the .complainant, and a citizen of the United States and of this state, arid that she was not an alien, and could not be sued as such in the circuit court of the United States in this state. This court was therefore misled and imposed upon in that case, when it took juris· diction on the ground of the alienage of the defendant Ellen Maria Broadis. It does not appear from the evidence that there was any actual collusion and fraud practiced upon the court. It seems that the complainant acted upon the advice of counsel in bringing his suit in this court, and in setting up the alienage of the defendant. But it is immaterial how the court was imposed upon, whether purposely and willfully, or through inadvertence and mistake. Suf· fice it to say that it now affirmatively appears in this case that the court took jurisdiction of that case when it had no power to do so. The court, therefore, never had valid jurisdiction of the case, and its proceedings were and are wholly null and void. It follows that a decree must be entered in this case, perpetually enjoining the United States marshal from selling the property foreclosed under the judgment and decree rendered in that case, and that said judgment and decree be set aside, vacated, and annulled. It is further contended, on the part of the complainant, that the court, having done this, should proceed with the merits of the controversy, and declare void the deed and mortgages referred 'to. It is claimed that this court, having taken jurisdiction of a case for one purpose, will take jurisdiction for all purposes, and do full and complete justice; citing 1 Porn. Eq. JUl'. (2d Ed.) §§ 181, 231242, and the cases there cited. But I am of the opinion that this court has not the power to pass upon validity of the deed and mortgages. Its jurisdiction is confined to passing upon the validity of the judgment and decree rendered in the previous suit of Peter Dorey against Ellen Maria Broadis. A decree will be entered in accordance with this opinion, with costs in favor of the complainant.
956
86 FEDERAL REPORTER. P. LORILLARD CO. v. PEPER. (Circuit Court of Appeals, ElgbtbClrcult. March 21, 1898.) No. 900.
FRAUDULENT COMPETITION-IMITAi'ION OF PACKAGES AIm LABELS-SLIGHT CHANGE IN DEFENDANi"S LABEL.
Where defendant's label has been slightly changed shortly before suit commenced, but still remains practically the same, the complainant is not restricted to an action at law for an injury resulting from the use of the old label, but equity may consider both together.
SAME-GENERAL RESEMBLANCE OF PACKAGES.
In determining the question of fraudulent imitation of packages and labels, merely noting points of difference or similarity is not sutllcient. The packages and labels must be considered as a whole. Complainant's label for tobacco packages consisted of the words, "P. Lori!lard Co.'s Tuberose;" the words being peculiarly placed with reference to each other,-the letters composing the name of the manufacturer decreasIng In size from left to right, and those composing the name of tbe brand Increasing In like manner. Defendant's label consisted of the words, "Pepers True Smoke;" the words and letters being arranged in the same way as upon complainant's label. In the size, form, and coloring of the letters, however, as well as in the size of the label itself, it differed from complainant's label. Both packages were of the same size and shape, which characterIstics were common to the trade, . and both made of blue and white striped cloth, but the stripes on defendant's package were four times the width of those on complainant's. 'Held, the resemblance was not sutllcient to warrant an Injunction. 'rhe court must use its own judgment as to simIlarity of packages and labels, and the fact that others may differ from it in opinion, or that a few isolated purchasers bave been misleu, does not necessarily bind it.
SAME-INJUNCTION.
4.
SAME-DECEIT OF PURCHASERS.
5. SAME-ADOPTION OF ENTIRELY NEW PACKAGE BY DEFENDANT.
The fact that the defendant had formerly used an entirely different style of package, and, after being advised that complainant's goods were more popular, changed to his present style, while it raises a strong suspicion of fraudulent intent, is not conclusive, if the rest of the evidence seems to negatIve such intent.
Appeal from the Circuit Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Missouri. This suit was commenced by the filing ot It blll on July 29, 1895, in the circuit court of the United States for the Eastern district of MissourI, by the appellant, as plaintiff, complaining of unfair competition in trade by the defendant, the appellee, in the use for the sale of SDloking tobacco of a package called the "True Smoke Package," which was alleged to be a deceptive imitation of plaintiff's package, known as the "Tuberose Package." The contention of plaintiff was that the resemblance and the general appearance of tl;1e packages were such that consumers had been, and were being, .ueceived thereby, and were led to purchase the defendant's tobacco,supposing it to be of plaintiff's manUfacture, thus greatly injuring plalntifI's business; aM the prayer was for an injunction and an accounting. After answer and proofs, the case was heard, and on November 11, 1896, a decree was entered dismissing the bill. From such decree the plaintifJ: appealed to this court. The record discloses that in 1892 the' plaintiff sued the defendant in the same court on the same cause of action; that after answer aud proofs,and on February 5, 1895, that case passed to a. decree dismissing the bill; that subsequently the decree was modified so as to make it one dismissing the bill without prejUdice to the plaintiff's right to bring another suit on the same cause of action. This decree of dismissal was so entered because plaintiff had falled to establish the controverted fact of its succession to the business of the firm of P. Lorillard & Co., which firm had been manufacturing and selling the tobacco in the packages described, and of which