636
84 FEDERAL REPORTER.
vitation and incitement to a'response by correspondence through the mails. The deposit of such a letter, which thus opens correspondence and invites a reply, is certainly only a single offense. The averment in the indictment that the scheme to defraud was intended to be carried out by opening correspondence and inciting others to correspond in reply, does not import necessarily anything more than this, and is, therefore, not subject to the objection of duplicity. 3. In some of the indictments, the second count, while alleging the intent to convert any moneys sent them to the defendants' own use,! does not allege the falsity of anY' specified statements contained to have been sent by in the letters or circulars quoted and mail. I do not think this is necessary where the count explicitly charges, as the second counts charge, that the money was sought for the ostensible purpose of investment in business for the sender's account, but with the real intent to convert the moneys to the defendants' own use. 4. In the third count of the indictment against Bernard and others, there is no averment of any intent to convert the moneys to defendants' own use. It can only stand, therefore, upon the procuring of money by false representation; and in such a count it is necessary that the particular false statement should be pointed out. In this respect the third count in that indictment is, in my judgment, defective. The other counts are sustained.
UNITED STATES v. PRICE. (DIstrict Court, S. D. New York. October 28, 1897.) REMOVAL OF PRISONER-SECTION 1014-PRELIMINARY OF'FENSE. COMPLAINT-DIFFERENT
In this dIstrict, It is not the practice to order the prisoner sent to a distant place for trial under section 1014, Rev. St. U. S., except upon the production to the court at the time the application for removal is made, if not before, of a copy of the indictment, information or complaint, showing that criminal proceedings are pending, and that the prisoner is wanted for trial in the distrIct to which his removal Is sought, and for the same offense for which he has been committed by the commIssIoner. An Indictment for stealing silver certificates is for a different offense than for the stealing of coin or United States notes, for which the prisoner was in this case held. After adjournment of the proceedings, upon production of an indictment charging the stealing of United States coin, held that the prisoner should be removed; also held that upon a prelimInary complaint, charging the stealing of United States notes, the prisoner might be committed and removed for trIal for the offense of stealing United States coin, such practice being "agreeably to the usual mode of process against offenders," under section 1014, and Oode Cr. Proc. N. Y. § 208.
This was a proceeding to remove the prisoner, John Price, to the District of Columbia, for trial, on the charge of larceny. Wallace Macfarlane and Max J. Kohler, for the United States. Abram J. Rose, for defendant. BROWN, District Judge. I do not think it is proper, and in this district for a considerable time at least it has not been the practice,
UNITED STATES V. PRICE.
637
to remove a prisoner for trial under section 1014 to a distant district, except upon the production at the time the application for removal is made, if not before, of a copy of the indictment or information or complaint showing that criminal proceedings are pending and that he is wanted for trial in the district to which his removal is sought, and also that such proceedings are for the same offense on which he has been committed by the commissioner. In the present case the defendant was charged before the commissioner with having feloniously stolen and carried away at Washington, in the District of Columbia, certain "United States notes" and certain coins of the United States. An indictment produced before the commissioner from the District of Columbia, charged the defendant with stealing and carrying away United States "silver certificates," but not the stealing of coin or United States notes. The commissioner has held the prisoner for the stealing of the United States notes and coins. United States notes and United States silver certificates being sub· stantially different, I do not think that an indictment for the latter would be sustained by proof of the former; and the defendant should therefore not be removed to a distant district upon the production of such an indictment only. Upon an adjournment of the proceedings an indictment is produced before me in proper form, charging the felonious stealing and carrying away of United States coin, being the same offense for which the commissioner has held the prisoner. This being the same offense, the prisoner should be removed for trial upon the last-named indictment. Objection is made that no examination was had before the commissioner upon the last-mentioned charge, for the reason that the original complaint did not contain the averment which the last-named indictment contains, that the city of Washington, where the offense is stated to have been committed, was within the exclusive jurisdiction of the United States. The court, however, must take judicial notice of that fact, and I cannot conceive it to be necessary that such an express averment should be required to be made in a mere preliminary proceeding before a magistrate or United States commissioner for the purpose of binding the prisoner over for trial. Section 1014 of the United States Revised Statutes provides that the proceedings shall be "agreeably to the usual mode of process against offenders" in the state where the preliminary proceedings are held. Under such proceedings in this state, as authorized by the New York Code of Criminal Procedure (section 208), if it "shall appear from the examination that a crime has been committed and that there is sufficient cause to believe the defendant guilty thereof," the magistrate is required to indorse on the depositions an order to the following effect: "It appearing to me by the within depositions and statement, if any, that the crime therein mentioned, or any other crime, according to the fact, stating generally the nature thereof, has been committed, and that there is sufficient cause to believe the within named guilty thereof, I order that he be held to answer the same."
In re Paul, 2 N. Y. Cr. R. 6. And see People v. Wheeler, 73 Cal. 252, 14 Pac. 796. The same precision and formality are not required
638
in complaints that are required in indictments. See Bish. New Cr. Proc. § 230 (5); Ex parte D'Olivera, 1 Gall. 474, Fed. Cas. No. 3,967; In re Kelly, 46 Fed. 653; Southworth v. U. S., 151 U. S. 184, 14 Sup. Ct. 274. The new indictment produced before me is not treated as any evidence of the commission of the offense; but only as showing the pendency of criminal proceedings under which he may be brought to trial for the offense on which he stands committed, and this is sufficient under the last clause of section 1014 to require the district judge to sign the warrant of removal.
m\iITED STATES
v. WARREN OHEMICAL & MANUFAOTURING January 7,1898.) No. 50.
CO.
(Circuit Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
In paragraph 443 of the act of 1894, the words "products of coal tar" are not within the excepting clause, but are part of the enumeration of articles entitled to free entry.
2. SAME-CLASSIFICATION-DEAD OIL.
"Dead oil" (also called "tar oil," "creosote oll," and "coal tar creosote"), which is produced from coal tar by distillation, was free, under paragraph 443 of the act of 1894, as a product of coal tar, not a color or dye, and not otherwise specially provided for, and was not dutiable, under paragraph 60, as a "distilled oiL"
This is an appeal by the United States from a decision of the circuit court, Southern district of New York, reversing a decision of the .board of general appraisers, which affirmed the decision of the collector of customs at the port of New York in respect to the classification fer duties of certain merchandise. Jas. T. Van Rensselaer, for the United States. Albert Comstock, for appellee. Before WALLACE, LACOMBE, and SHIPMJAN, Circuit Judges. LACOMBE, Circuit Judge. The article in question is a product produced from coal tar by a process of distillation, is known generally in commerce as "dead oil," and is sometimes called "tar· oil" and "creosote oil" and "coal tar creosote." The collector classified the importation under paragraph 60 of the tariff act of 1894, which reads: "60. Products or preparations known as alkalles, alkaloids, distilled oils, essential oils, expressed oils, rendered olls, and all combinations of the foregoing, and all chemical compounds and salts, not specially provided for In this act, twenty-five per centum ad valorem."
The importer protested, contending that the importation was entitled to free entry under paragraph 443, which reads: "443. Coal tar, crUde, and all preparations except medicinal coal tar preparations and products of coal tar, not colors or dyes, not specially provided for In this act."