936
82 FEDERAL REPORTER.
same in payment of the county debts, and to repay the money so received in 20 years, with annual interest, and, as evidence thereof, was to deliver to the complainants coupon bonds of the county duly executed. It is averred in the bill that the several complainants advanced the sums agreed on; the county bonds were delivered to complainants; and the money so received was used in paying the preexisting debt of the county. It is now claimed that the county is relieved from the performance of its several contracts with the complainants, because thereby the indebtedness of the county was caused to exceed the 5 per cent. limitation found in the constitution of the state. If, upon a full hearing upon the facts, it appears that anyone or more of the several transactions had between the county and the complainants resulted in creating a debt which was a violation of the constitutional limitation, then that contract cannot be enforced either by a suit on the bonds or by suit for damages or for money had and received, because the constitutional limitation prohibits the creation of a debt beyond the limit, in any and every form. If, however, upon a hearing upon the facts, it appears that anyone or more of the several transactions between the county and the complainants resulted in the creation of a valid claim against the county, then that claim would be enforceable according to its terms, which were that the money was to be repaid in 20 years, with interest payable annually. The points of inquiry are: What, in effect, were the contracts that were entered into between complainants and the county, in pursuance of which the complainants advanced the money for which they received the bonds of the county? Are these contracts void by reason of the constitutional limitation? . If they are void, no recovery in any form call be had thereon; but, if they are not void, then, being valid and in force, the county is bound by the terms thereof, and the principal of the debts does not become due for 20 years, although the interest for years past is overdue; and it may be that the statute of limitations may be applicable to some of the overdue interest, but that cannot be determined until the facts of the case are fully before the court. The demurrer, for the reasons stated, must be overruled, with leave to the defendljJlt to answer by the December rule day.
ILLINOIS TRUST & SAVINGS BANK v. SEATTLE E'LECTRIC & POWER CO. et a!. (Circuit Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit. Ko. 368, RAIJ,ROAD' MORTGAGES FAITH. VALIDITY AS TO PERSONALTY ' AFFIDAVIT OF GOOD
October 19, 1897.)
A railroad corporation of the state of Washington executed in 1890 a mortgage or deed of trust of all the real estate and personal property then owned by it, or thereafter, to be I!-cquired. Thereafter S.. secured a judgment against the company, which was affirmed on appeal. In a suit to foreclose' fue mortgage, persons interested in that judgment were made ptlrties,andclaimed a preference over the mortgage debt. By 1 Hill's Code Wash. § 1648, a mortgage of personal property is void, as
ILLINOIS TRUST &: SAVINGS BANK"'. SEATTLE ELECTRIC BY. &: P. CO.
937
agaInst credItors, unless accompanied by a specified a:llldavit ot good talth. No such a1Ildavit accompanIed the trust deed In question. Held, that In eonnection with article 12, t 17, of. the constitution at Washington, providing that rolling stock and other movable property of. & 'raIlroad corporatloD shall be consIdered personal property, and shall be liable to execution and Ilale In the same manner as the pel1lonal property of IndIviduals, and 1 Hlll's Code Wash. § 1646, authorizing mortgages upon all kinds of personal property o.f. a railroad company, the f.ailure of. the trust deed to contain the a.ffidavlt rendered the mortgage void as to the personal property, and tluI.t to that extent the So judgment was superIor to the lien of. the trust deed, and that this result was not affected by 1 HUl's Code Wash. § 1500, empowerIng private corporations genel'll1ly to mortgage real and personal property.
Appeal from the Circuit Court of the United States for the Northern Division of the District of ;Was'hington. Thos. R. Shepard, for appellant. Geo. E. De 'Steiguer, for appellee.
Before GILBERT, ROSS, and MORROW, Circuit Judges. MORROW, Circuit Judge. The appellant brought suit in the clrcuit court for the district of Washington on December 31, 1894, against the Seattle Electric Railway & Power Company, the Seattle Consolidated Street-Railway Company, the Central Trust Company of the City of New York, and a number of other defendants, to foreclose a mortgage or deed of trust executed by the first-named defendant on March 15, 1890, in favor of the appellant, to secure the payment of the principal and interest of $400,000 of bonds, of which amount bonds aggregating the sum of $381,000 were issued. Among the parties made defendants were Annie Sears and Frank Sears, her husband. It is alleged in the bill that these defendants were judgment creditors or claimants of a lien upon a judgment for the sum of $16,000 in their favor in the state court of Washington, but that no lien had been acquired in their favor upon any of the mortgaged property, except by the entry and docketing of the judgment on June 16, 1893,in the execution docket in the office of the clerk of the superior court of King county, Wash. The bill sets forth a judgment in favor of these defendants in the superior court of King county, dated March 29, 1892, and a judgment by way of affirmance in the supreme court of the state, dated June 16, 1893, and a final judgment of affirmance in the supreme court of the state for $16,000, rendered November 20, 1893, as of date June 16,1893. It is also averred that William H. Thompson, Eduard P. Edsen, and John E. Humphries, as co-partners under the style of Thompson, Edsen & Humphries, and George E. M. Pratt and William H. White, as co-partners under the style of Pratt & White, claim certain attorneys' liens on this last-named judgment, and that J. B. Maxon also claims a lien on the judgment by way of an assignment. At the time this bill was filed in the circuit court, on December 31, 1894, the property of the Seattle Consolidated Street-Railway Company, as the corporate successor of the Seattle Electric Railway & Power Company, was in the hands of M. F. Backus, a receiver appointed by the circuit court in two cases,-one brought by A. P. Fuller against the Seattle Consolidated Street-Railway Company, commenced
·
938
JUI1e14; 1893, in which the receiver was appointed ordhe same da;r, and two days priQr to the entry of the Sears judgment in the supreme court of state, and the other.brolJ,ght by the same plaintiff against the same company and the Illinois Trust & SaviIi.gs Bank, trustee, and the Central Trust Company of New York, commenced October 17, 1893. By an Order of court entered June 6, 1895, all three cases were consolidated under the administration of the receiver appointed i.n the first case. From the answers of the defendants Frank and Annie Sears, and the other parties claiming interests in the Sears judgment, it appears that on the 16th day of September, 1891, while Annie Sears was a passenger upon one of the street cars operated by the Seattle ConsolidateJ Street-Railway Company, the corporate successor of the Seattle Electric Railway & Power Company, thecal' in which Mrs. Sears was riding ran off the track, and she was seriously and permanently injured; that thereafter she and her husband brought suit in the superior court of King countY,Wash., against the company, to recover damages for the injury; that on the 29th day of March, 1892, they recovered a judgment for $15,000 and costs of suit; that the company appealed the case to the supreme court of the state, and in order to stay proceedings, and for a supersedeas, filed a supersedeas bond, in the sum of $16,000, with E. C. Kilbourne, LeilIa S. Kilbourne, L. H. Griffith, Toney W. Griffith, V. Hugo Smith, Margaret Smith, J. S. Porter, and Helen Porter as that on the 18th day of November, 1893, the judgment was affirmed by the supreme court of the state, and a judgment rendered on the supersedeas bond against the principal and sureties in the sum of $16,000. It is alleged in the answer that at the time Mrs. Sears recovered her judgment in the superior court of King county, and thereafter, while the judgment wassupeJ:seded upon the appeal thereon, the street-railway company was in receipt of an income from its railway lines of about $15,000 per month; that such receipts were used in payment of operating expenses and interest on the indebtedness of the company, including the mortgage indebtedness to the COlllplainant; that the amount so received by the company over and above the amount of the operating expenses was more than enough to have satisfied the Sears' judgment, with interest; and that the company, while the supersedeas was in force, wrongfully appropriated the income to the payment of interest on the mortgage indebtedness and other indebtednesses, instead of paying off the judgment. It is also alleged in the answer, in support of the priority of this judgment over the mortgage lien, that the trust deed and mortgage mentioned in the bill of complaint did not contain the affidavit provided for chattel mortgages in the state of Washington, to the effect that the mortgage was made in good faith, and without any design to hinder and delay or defraud creditors. The answer prayed for an accounting, and that out of the diversion of the company's income the claim and judgment in favor of Frank and Annie Sears be first paid. To this answer a general replication was filed. Among the intervening petitions for preferential claims filed in the case is one by E. C. Kilbourne and Leilla S. Kilbourne,sureties on the supersedeas bond given in the state court to stay proceedings on the Sears judgment, filed in the cir·
ILLINOIS TRUST &; SAVINGS BANK V. SEATTLE ELECTRIC RY." P. CO.
98\1
cuit court December 19, 1895. This petition prays that the amount of the judgment, together with interest and costs, in favor of Frank and Annie Sears, be paid off and satisfied, to the end that the peti tioners might be relieved from the said judgment. The appellant, the Illinois Trust & Savings Bank, filed its answer to this petition, setting forth the income and disbursements of the corporation in detail. The answer prayed for a dismissal of the petition, and for costs against the petitioners. No reply to this answer :was filed. No proofs were made, and the hearing was had upon the petition in intervention, the answers thereto, the bill of complaint in the cause, and the various orders and proceedings therein. The court below on January 18, 1896, entered an order and decree upon this petition; allOWing the claim of the petitioners as preferred. and directing it to be paid by the receiver out of the funds of the receivership and proceeds of the property of the Seattle Consolidated Street-Railway Company next after the payment of an issue of receiver's certificates amounting to $80,000, for repairs, etc., and prior to the indebtedness of the company secured by the mortgage of the Illinois Trust & Savings Bank, and to the Central Trust Company of the City of New York. It was further ordered that the receiver issue and deliver receiver's certificates to the various parties interested in the Sears judgment for the amounts of their respective interests, and that the receiver should pay and take up said certificates, when he should come into the possession of funds properly applicable thereto, out of the proceeds of the sale of the property of the Seattle Consolidated Street-Railway Company, or otherwise, and when he should be directed so to pay and take up said certificates by the further order or decree of the court. From tbis order and decree an appeal was taken to this court. The appeal was heard and dismissed on the ground that the receiver and certain creditors other than Frank and Annie Sears had not been made parties to the appeal, that they were necessary parties, and that their absence was fatal to the hearing of the case on appeal. A full statement of the material facts .of the case, and of the various proceedings that took place in the court below up to the entering of the order and decree of January 18, 1896, will be found in the statement of the case made by this court upon the motion to dismiss this first appeal. 22 C. C. A. 599,76 Fed. 883. It appears that pending the appeal to this court from the order and decree of January 18, 1896, the foreclosure suit proceeded to a final decree of foreclosure of the appellant's mortgage, which was entered on May 20, 1896. Under this decree, the property of the Seattle Consolidated Street-Railway C<Jmpany was, on December 1, 1896, sold for $139,601. The sale was confirmed by an order entered on December 24, 1896. The purchase price was thereupon paid into court, and the master's deed issued to the purchasers, who, on December 31, 1896, entered upon and took possession of the property. In section 6 of this decree of May 20, 1896, it was adjudged that the appellant's mortgage or deed of trust was the proper act and deed of the Seattle Electric Railway & Power Company, by it authorized,
940
made, and delivered, in all respects, in conformity with law, and was a valid conveyance for the purposes therein stated, but that the mortgage or deed of trust did not contain or have appended thereto the affidavit provided for chattel mortgages in the state of Washington, to the eftect that the mortgage was made in good faith, and without any design to hinder, delay, or defraud creditors; and in section 15 and in paragraph 3 of section 21 of this decree the question whether or not the Sears judgment was entitled to a preference over the appellant's mortgage lien was reserved for adjudication .at or after the confirmation of the sale directed by the decree, or in case the decree awarding preference to said claim should be affirmed on the then pending appeal to this court. The decree, so far as it related to the Sears judgment and the Kilbourne petition of intervention, was based upon a stipulation of the parties that all the allegations of fac,t contained in the appellant's bill of complaint were true; expressly excluding from the scope of the admission and stipulation, however, any and all allegations or conclusions. of law set forth in the bill of complaint, and particularly the claim of priority of the lien of the mortgage over the lien of the judgment in favor of Annie Sears and Frank Sears, her husband. After the appeal from the decree of January 18, 1896, was dismissed by this court, but shortly before the mandate on the dismissal was filed in the court below, that court, by a decree dated February 15, 1897, amended and supplemented the decree of May 20, 1896, with respect to the Sears judgment, and provided for its allowance and payment out of the proceeds of the sale of the property, and provided further that: "This allowance shall occupy the same position, and be entitled to the same priority, and take the same rank:; in every respect, as the decree heretofore entered on the - - day of January, 1896, on the petitions of Kilbourne et al., for the allowance and payment of the same judgment; and said judgment is, and s'hall be, a prior lien upon all the property and assets mentioned In said mortgage of the plaintiff, and this adjudication of priority of said judgment of said Sears over the mortgage indebtedness of plaintiff in this case shall be subject to the right of appeal which may exist therefor."
It is from this last decree that the present appeal is prosecuted, wherein the receiver and other necessary parties have been joind. The mortgage or deed of trust involved in this case was executed March 15, 1890, by the Seattle Electric Railway & Power Oompany, a corporation organized under the laws of the state of Washington, and conveyed to the Illinois Trust & Savings Bank, trustee, certain described real estate in the city of Seattle, state of Washington, together with the buildings thereon, and also all the buildings, roadbed, tracks, machinery, railway plant, engines, boilers, dynamos, electrical machines, electric motors, and other electdcal apparatus, rolling stock, cars, poles, lines, and rails, of whatever description, and wherever situated, including aU the rights, privileges, and franchises of the company. It was further declared that it was the intention and meaning of the instrument to embrace thereunder, and subject to the lien therein provided, all the real estate and personal property, rights, and privileges that might be thereafter acquired, as well as that then owned by the mortgagor.
ILLINOIS TRUST & SAVINGS BAriK V. SEATTLE ELECTRIC RY. & P. CO.
941
The constitution of the state of Washington (article 12, § 17) provides: "The rolling-stock and other movable property belonging to any railroa(l c'ompany or corporation in this state, shall be considered personal property and shall be liable to taxation and to execution and sale in the same manner as the personal property of individuals, and suCh property shall not be exempted from execution and sale."
It is contended by the appellees that under this constitutional provision a large part of the property described in the mortgage or trust deed is personal property, and subject to the law of the state relating to chattel mortgages. Section 1646 of the Statutes of Washington (1 Hill's Code) provides as follows: "Mortgages may be made upon all kinds of personal property and upon the rollinl; 3tock of a railroad company and upon all kinds of machinery, and upon boats and vessels, and on growing crops and on portable mills and such like property."
Section 1648 of the same Statutes (1 Hill's Code) provides as follows: "A mortgage of personal property is void as against creditors of the mortgagor or subsequent purchasers, and Incumbrancers of the property for value and in good faith, unless it is accompanied by the affidavit of the mortgagor that It Is made in good faith, and without any design to hinder, delay or defraud creditors, and it is acknOWledged and recorded in the same manner as is required by law in conveyance of real property."
The decree of May 20, 1896, found that appellant's mortgage or trust deed did not contain, or have appended thereto, the affidavit reo quired by the last section. In Hammock v. Trust Co., 105 U. S. 77, the lmpreme court held that the provisions of the statute of Illinois in relation to chattel mortgages did not apply to mortgages by a railway corporati{)ll in connection with its real estate and franchises, and including personal property used and appropriated for railroad purposes. And in Southern Cal. Motor-Road Co. v. Union Loan & Trust Co., 29 U. S. App.ll0, 12 C. C. A. 215, and 64 Fed. 450, this court held that a statute of California, relating to chattel mortgages, similar to that of Washington, did not apply where the mortgage of a railroad company covers personal property in connection with real estate and corporate franchises. But in both of these cases the exception was based upon the provisions of statutes conferring upon railroad corporations organized or incorporated under the laws of the state for pub· lic purposes the power to mortgage their franchises and real and personal property as an entirety. In the last case cited, Judge Hawley, speaking for the court, said: "In· all ot the decisions which hold that the locomotives, engines, and other rolling stock of a railroad are subject to the provisions of t'be act relating to chattel mortgages, it is conceded, if the question is referred to, that, if there is an independent statute ot the state authorizing railroad companies to mortgage their corporate property and franchises to secure the payment of their bonds, the Chattel mortgage act would not be applicable, becaUSe it must be, and is, universally acknowledged that it is within the power of the legislature of a state to regulate the mode and prescribe the manner in which the real and personal property within the state may be conveyed or mortgaged,"
942
82 FEDERAL REPORTER·
.It was accordingly held that section: 456 of the Oivil Oode of California, authorizing railroad corporations, for the purpose of constructing and completing their roads, to mortgage their corporate property and franchises, was such an independent statute, and under its authority the mortgage of a railroad company, covering personal property, real estate, and corporate franchises, created a valid and binding lien on the entire property of the corporation, and the provisions of the chattel mortgage act had no application to such a mortgage. A similar statute in Illinois was referred to by the supreme court in Hammock v. Trust Co., supra, as authority for a railroad corporation to mortgage its franchises and property as an entirety, and relieving such a mortgage from the operation of the local statutes relating to the redemption of real estate, and a statute providing a limitation of two years for the possession of mortgaged personal property by the mortgagor under certain conditions. vVe find, however, no such independent statute in Washington,conferring upon railroad corporations organized and incorporated in that state the right. to mortgage all their corporate property and franchises as an entirety. Section 1500 of the General Statutes of Washington (1 Hill's Code) enumerates the powers of private corporations generally, and provides, among other things, that they shall have power "to purchase, hold, mortgage, sell and convey real and personal property." To hold that this general enabling statute, passed for the benefit of all corporations alike, is sufficient to exempt the mortgage of a railroad corporation, covering both real and personal property, from the requirements of a special statute relating to chattel mortgages, would, in our opinion, enlarge the scope of the doctrine in Hammock v. Trust Co. beyond its true purpose and meaning, and introduce confusion and uncertainty into the law relating to personal property; and this we are not prepared to do, in view of the provision of the constitution of the state that the personal property of a railroad company shall be liable to execution and sale in the same manner as the personal property of individuals. Const. art. 12, § 17. In Radebaugh v. Railroad Co., 8 Wash. 570, 36 Pac. 460, the supreme court of Washington considered the authority of Hammock v. Trust Co., and held that it was not applicable to the statute of Washington, and that, with respect to the rolling stock Qf a railroad company, it was the intention of the legislature to place it on the same footing as other personal property, and that a mortgage executed and recorded as a real-estate mortgage, which did not comply with the formalities required in the execution of a chattel mortgage,did not bind such property. This is the law prevailing in York. Hoyle v. Railroad Co., 54 N. Y. 314; Vilas v. Page, 106:No Y. 439,13 N. E. 743. The failure of the trust deed to contain the affida· vit required for a chattel mortgage in the state of Washington rendered the mortgage void as to the personal property, and to that extent the Sears judgment is superior to the lien of the trust deed. determination renders unnecessary the consideration of other tions contained in the record and discussed by counsel. The decree of the circuit court is affirmed, with costs.
TERRE HAUTE & I. R. CO" V. PEORIA &: P. U. R. CO.
943
TERRE HAUTE & I. R. CO. v. PEORIA & P. U. R. CO. (Circuit Qourt, N. D. Illinois, S. D. 1.
November 8, 1897.)
INJUNCTION-JURISDICTION-STAYING ACTION IN STATE COURT.
Rev. St. § 720, which declares that federal courts shall not by injunction stay proceedings in state courts except in bankruptcy matters, does not deprive a federal court of jurisdiction to enjoin proceedings in a state court as ancillary to granting relief in a case in which tile federal court has juris' diction. A federal court of equity will not stay an action at law in a state court on account of. a defense which may possibly be cognizable at law, until the court of law has refused to consider such defense.
2.
SAME-DEFENSE ComnZABLE A'f LAW.
Suit in equity by the Terre Haute & Indianapolis Raih,'oad Company against the Peoria & Pekin Union Railroad Company. The cause was heard on a motion for an injunction to stay certain proceedings in a state court. J. G. Williams, W. J. Calhoun, and W. J. Lyford, for complainant. Horton & Abbott, for defendant. GROSSCUP, District Judge. The motion is for an injunction restraining the defendant from proceeding at law in the circuit court of Peoria county upon a certain bond made by the complainant and its sureties to the defendant. The facts essential to the disposition of the motion may be stated as follows: The complainant, the Terre Haute & Indianapolis Railroad Company, is lessee of a railroad organized under the laws of Illinois, and known as the Terre Haute & Peoria Railroad Company. 'l'his last company purchased its road at a receiver's salein 1887, the road before that time being the property of the Illinois & Midland Railroad Company, running from a point on the Toledo & Western Railroad, four miles east of Peoria, to a point near Terre Haute., During the period that the Illinois & Midland Railroad Company was in the hands of the court, its receiver, Louis Genis, made a contract with the Peoria & Pekin Union Railroad Company, the defendant here, whereby the Midland road was given the lLSe of terminal facilities in and near Peoria at a rental of $13,000 per year. In view of the contemplated sale of the road on the then pending foreclosure proceedings, in aid of which the receiver had been appointed, the contract provided that the purchaser or the owner of the property might, at the termination of the receivership, extend the contract for the full period of 50 years from February 1, 1881. The ,complainant, as lessee of the Terre Haute & Peoria Railroad Company, purchaser at the foreclosure sale,went into possession of the road some time in 1892, and in connection therewith used the defendant's tracks and terminal facilities. Differences having arisen between the two companies over the interpretation of the eontract, the defendant claimed rental at the rate of $22,000 per year, -a sum obtained from certain other roads using the terminal,while the complainant offered and paid at the rate of $13,000 per year. It was understood that the lesser amount should be currentlypaid, but that its payment and acceptance should not prejudice