THE JOHN R. PENROSE V. THE WILLIAM J. LIPSETT.
623
It is also contended that the Tyler machine was in public use for more than two years prior to the application for the patent. Upon careful examination of the testimony, I am of the opinion that although the patented machine was in process of development, or in an experimental stage, for a number of years, the machine was not per· fected until within a few months prior to the application for thepatent. The defendant's machine infringes the third claim of the Tyler patent, and a decree may be drawn accordingly. Decree for complainants. THE JOHN R. PENROSE v. THE WILLIAM J. LIPSETT. (District Court, E. D. Pennsylvania. June 28, 1897.) COLLISION IN CHANNEL-SAIL GETTING UNDER WAY.
A schooner going down Delaware Bay under sail, and collldlng wltb another schooner, which, having been anchored on the west side of the cbannel, heading northeast, was getting under way, paying off soutbward to go to sea, ·held solely in fault, In that, being bound to keep out of the way, she attempted to pass to the east across the other's bow, when It was uncertain how far east the latter would go In making the turn, instead of taking the safe course to the westward, under her stern.
This was a libel in rem in behalf of the owners of the schooner John R. Penrose against the schooner 'Nilliam J. Lipsett to recover damages laware Bay. resulting from a collision between the two vessels in D The following questions were submitted to Oapt. Jarvis Oall: (1) Are you a member of the board of survey in admiralty at the port of Phlla delphia? (2) How much experience have you had as a master of sailing vessels? (3) Supposing the situation of the Penrose to have been such as her ofilcers described In their testimony, could she have come about soutbward conveniently, within less space than sbe covered In doing so? If she could, state about how much less. (4) Could the Lipsett have safely turned westward at the tlnIe sbe shifted eastward and thus bave avoided tbe threatened danger? Jarvis Call, master, wlll please read tbe testimony of the officers above named and answer the foregoing questionli in writing. Wm. Butler, J . .June 22, 1897. To the Honorable WIlllam Butler, Judge of the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania: A. 1. I am a member of the board of surveyors In admiralty at the port of Phlladelphla. A. 2. I have been master of salling vessels for thirty years. A. 3. After carefully considering the positions of the Penrose and the state of the tide and wind at the tlnIe, It would be difficult to say just wbat distance It would take to wear said vessel around. Under favorable circumstances where there was no tide, and In smooth water she ought to go around in three or four times her length when the anchor Is off the bottom. In a strong tideway It is not an untrequent occurrence for a vessel to fall off untll she gets the tide on her beam and stops, still continUing to forge ahead. I have known Instances of vessels In a strong tideway to go for mlles before paying off, the vessel being under the influence of the tide and not ber belm. A. 4. Cons1deringall the circumstances, the state of the tide, the direction of the, wind, the management of the llelm, 8lld sails of the Penrose, It is my judgment that she did everything practicable to wear around as soon as possible. The ,state of the tide did not aid her, striking her side it tended to stop her from falling 'off. She was more under Its Influence than of ber belm and would tbus be retarded In getting around.
624
81 I'IlDlllUL
It II my opinion that a Teille! gettlng under WIlY' has the right of way, whne · Tessel under way with all sail set 11 under control and can luft to, or keep off &II the case. may requIre. The Lipsett even at a mile distance might easily have changed her course westward and gone under the stern of the Penrose. A. change of one or two points would have been suftlclent. In her condition IhI ought to have had complete control of her movements. (SIgned) JarvIs Call. PhIladelphia, Jqne 24th, 1897.
Horace.L. Cheyney and John F. Lewis, for libelanf. Curtis Tilton, for respondent.. BUTLER, District Judge. When the vessels came within view they were from three to five miles apart. The libelant was down the bay, on the western side of the channel, getting under way from her anchorage, heading northeast, and paying off southward, to go to sea. The respondent was above, coming down near midchannel, and understood the libelant's intention to turn southward. She kept her course until more than halt the distance between the vessels had been traversed, and then apprehending danger, turned eastward, as far as ex· isting circumstances permitted-which was only about two points. As she thus endeavored to cross the Penrose's bows, the vessels came into collision slightly. The injury sustained by the Penrose, for which she sues, was small. . On the hearing I was impressed with a that the Lipsett should have gone westward when she turned the other way, or earlier. It seemed dangerous to attempt to cross the Penrose's bow, and entirely safe to go under her stern. Further examination has satisfied me that this impression was right. It was the duty of the Lipsett to keep out of the way. She could not know how far east the Penrose would go, under the circumstances, and she should therefore have turned the other way in time to avoid danger, as she might easily have done. She was not justified in believing her course, originally or as changed, safe, because she was not justified in supposing the Penrose would turn earlier than she did. The only serious question in my mind, after such fuller examination, was whether the Penrose was not also at fault in going so far east, ...While her officers testify that she turned as rapidly as she conveniently COUld; that they fully recognized the dnty,of <19ing soan.d endea.v.oredto perform it, witnesseS called by the respondent testify that she Could have turned earlier. The question thus presented involves consideration of the effect of the existing state of wind iUld tide, apd of the management of helm and sails. Such a question can only be wisely dealt With by an experiencednavigator;, the theorizing and guessing of a landsman, no matter how intelligent, and whether lawyer or layman, is of no value. Under the clrcu!Dstances I deemed it proper, .therefore, to take the jndgment of a ma:ster seaman who has long in the navigation of saHing vessels.· The answers of.Capt.. CaIl are annexed hereto. They Support the testimony of the Penrose's officers; and consequently I find that this 'Vessel turned as rapidly as she convenientl! could, and was not therefore in .fault. . . .. .. The libel must be sustained and a decree may be prepared accordingly.
UNITED STATES T. KING.
625
UNITED STATES v. KING. (DIstrict Court, E. D. Wisconsin. June 25, 1897.) JURISDICTION OF .
OFFENSE COMMITTED BY ONE INDIAN AGAINST ANOTHER UNITED STATES COURT.
The otIense of assault with intent to commit rape, committed by an Indian upon an Indian woman, both residing upon an Indian reservation, Is not cognizable as a crime by any statute of the United States, and United States courts have no jUrlsdlctlon of such offense.
M. C. Phillips, for the United States. Geo. E. Williams, for defendant. SEAMAN, District Judge. The defendant stands convicted under an indictment for assault with intent to commit rape. Both the accused and the assaulted woman are Oneida Indians, under charge of an Indian agent, and residing on the Oneida reservation, where the alleged assault was committed. Motion is made in arrest of judgment, and the only question presented is whether the offense is cognizable under the United States statutes. The power of congress to legislate in regard to crimes by or against the Indians as wards of the government is clearly settled by the decisions of the supreme court. U. S. v. Kagama, 118 U. So 375, 6 Sup. Ct. 1109; U. S. v. Thomas, 151 U. S. 577, 14 Sup. ct. 426. Is thel'eany such legislation covering the offense alleged in this indictment? Prior to the act of March 3, 1885(23 Stat. 362, 385, c.341, § 9), it appears that congress had not undertaken to legislate respecting offenses committed by one l)ldian against the person or property of another, aside from special provisions contained in title 28, Rev. St., exceptional in their nature. U. S. v. Kagama, 118 U. S. 375, 377, 6 Sup. Ct. 1109. While section 2145 of that title provides that "the general laws of the United States as to the punishment of crimes committed in any place within the sole. and. exclusive jurisdiction of the United States, except the District of Columbia, shall extend to the Indian country," section 2146 (as contained in the second edition of the Revised Stat· utes, pursuant to correction in the act of February 18, 1875) excludes from the operation of the previous section "crimes committed by one Indian against the person or property of another Indian." These provisions are clearly applicable here. Ex parte Crow Dog, 109 U. S. 556, 3 Sup. Ct. 396; In re Mayfield, 141 U. S. 107, 11 Sup. ct. 939; Famous Smith v. Do S., 151 U. S. 50, 14 Sup. ct. 234. The act of 1885, above referred to, provided for the punishment of Indians committing murder and other specifil:'d crimes, and gave cognizance to the United States courts when committed within the limits of a reservation in a state. This legislation was considered by the supreme court, and its constitntionality upheld, in U. S. v.' Kagama, supra, and U. S. v. Thomas, supra; and, so far as jurisdiction is conferred by that act, it must be regarded as exclusive, and as modifying, to that extent at least, the ruling in State v. Doxtater, 47 Wis. 278,2 N. W. 439. But the offense charged against this defendant is not provided for in this 81 F.--40
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