728
79 FEDERAL REPORTER.
to the requirement that there was a difference in amount of care, whereby the master is required to exercise a greater care than the servant"; and an exception "to the giving instructions No.2 and No.5 requested by plaintiff." None of the evidence given in the case is properly before us; but a careful examination and consideration of the charge of the court satisfies us that the law properly applicable to the issues presented by the pleadings was given to the jury by the court, and that, so far as the court can see from the issues in the case, such instructions requested by the plaintiff as were applicable and proper were, in substance, embodied in the charge of the court. That being so, the plaintiff has no just ground of complaint because of the failure of the court to give the instructions in the language requested. Instructions 2 and 5 requested by the plaintiff in the court below, and as given by the court, are as follows: "No.2. I further Instruct you that the degree of care required of the master and servant also differ, because defects In the roof of a mine, that to the mind of a competent Inspector, such as the master employs, portend unnecessary and unreasonable risks and great danger, may have no such significance to a laborer or miner who has had no experience In watching or caring for the roof or slopes or timbers in a mine, and the servant Is not chargeable with contributory negligence unless he sees or knows the defects, or unless a reasonably Intelligent and prudent man would, under like Circumstances, have known and apprehended the risks which those defects Indicate. To the servant the dangers and defects must have been 80 obvious and threatening that a reasonably prudent man would have avoided them, in order to charge the servant with contributory negligence." "No.5. By 'ordinary care and dIligence' Is meant such as men of ordinary sense, prudence, and capacity under like circumstances take In the conducting and managing of their own affairs. This varies according to the Circumstances, as the risk is greater or less, and must be measured by the character and risks and exposure of the business."
In these instructions we see no error of which the plaintiff in error can properly complain. , That the court did not err in authorizing the jury, against the objections of the defendant, to return a sealed verdict, is held in the case of Concentrating Co. v. Schmelling, 79 Fed. 263. Judgment affirmed. VALLEY COUNTY v. McLEAN. (Olrcult Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit. March 1, 1897.) No. 835. 1. COUNTIES-VALIDIT1: OF BONDS.
Under the Nebl'aska Laws o'f 1877 and 1879, authorizing county commissioners to issue coupon bonds sufliclent to pay the outstanding warrants and indebtedness, with the proviso "that in no event shall bonds be Issued to a greater amount than ten per cent. of the assessed valuation of such county," t'hIe ten per cent. limitation is confined to tile bonds to be issued under the provisions of these acts, without regard to bonds previously Issued. 74 Fed. 389, aflirmed. Where a statute authorized a county to Issue bonds to an amount not exceeding a certain per cent. of the assessed valuatiO'n of the county, a
SAME.
VALLEY COUNTY V. M'LEAN.
729
purchaser of the bonds, In determining whether the aggregate fillme exceeded the statutory limit, had the rll?:bit to rely upon the abstract of assessment of property in the county made by the county clerk, and by him certified to the auditor of the sUtte; that being a public record of the assessment, which the statute required to be so made and transmitted after the assessment books had been equalized and corrected by the county board, and tbie county will not be allowed to question its verity. 74 Fed. 389, affirmed. 1. SAME.
tion to a vote of the electors of the county, and further providing that "If It appears that two-thirds of the votes cast are in favor of the propoI!Iltion, and the reqUirements of the law have been fully complied with, the same shall be entered at large by the county board upon the book containing the record o'f their proceedings, and they shall then have power to levy and collect the special tax," a purchaser of the bonds need look no further tlmn this record to determine whether there has been a compliance with the requirements of the law. 74 Fed. 369, affirmed.
to issue its bonds provided the county board shall first submit the ques-
Under a statute CLaws Neb. 1879, p. 364, § 30), authorizing a county
In Error to the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of Nebraska. This was an action at law brought by Hector McLean against the county of Valley, in the state of Nebraska, upon overdue coupons upon certain county bonds. Judgment having been rendered in favor of plaintiff, the defendant brought this writ of error. The opinion of the circuit court is reported in 74 Fed. 389. The legislature of the state of Nebraska pass.ed an act approved February 17,1877, entitled "An act to provide for the funding of the warrants and outstanding indebtedness of counties." Section 1 reads as follows: "That the county eommissloners of any county in the state of Nebraska be and are hereby authorized and empowered to issue coupon bonds, of such denomination as they may deem best, sutIicient to pay the outstanding and unpaid warrants and indebtedness of such county; provided that the county commissioners of any such county may limit the provisions of this subdivision to any fund or funds of said county; provided further, that In no event shall bonds be issued to a greater amount than ten per cent of the assessed valuation of such county, and provided further, that the county boord shall first submit the question of iSSUing such bonds to a vote of the qualified electors of sueh county." By section 132, p. 387, Laws 1879, which went into effect September 1, 1879, tbe foregoing section is re-enacted verbatill', except thll!t the word "commiss1oners" is changed to "board" in the late, act. By another provision in the Laws of 1879 it Is enacted: "If it app lrs that twothirds of the votes cast are In favor of the proposition, and th\ requirements of the law have been funy complied with, the same shall be et tered 8Jt large by the county board upon the book containing the record of thei: proceedings, and they shall then have power to levy and collect the speci"J tax in the same manner that the other county taxes are collected. Prop"sitions thus aeted upon cannot be rescinded by the county board." Laws 1879, p. 364, § 30. At a regular meeting of the board of county commissioners of said Valley county, Neb., held October 7, 1879, It was resolved that the prtposition be submitted to the qualified electors of said county of Valley to issue the coupon bonds of said county of specified denominations to the amount of $32,000, to pay the outstanding indebtedness of the said county in a specified order; such bonds to be dated January 1, 1880, and payable at the otIice of the county treasurer of said county, and to run 20 ye'ars, with interest at the rate ot 7 per cent., payable annually, with a provision to be irrserted in the bonds that they should be redeemable after 10 years upon specified notice; that the bonds should not be sold for less thlan 90 per cent. of par that a tax should be levied and collected annually, as provided by law, pay the Interest and provi<h fH the principal, with limitations; and thaI; >l.i.le said
730
79 l!'EDERAL REPORTER.
proposition be submitted to be voted on by ballot (the forms of which were prescribed) 8Jt the general election to be held November 4. 1879. In accordance with the terms of such resolution, the question of issuing said bonds, and levying and collecting taxes therefor, was regularly submitted to the qualified electors of said Valley county at the said general election on November 4, 1879, and the vote thereon was duly canvassed, and the proper abstract showIng the result of the election and such vote was returned to the board of county commissioners; and on November 24, 1879, at a legal meetIng of eaid board, the following resolution was adopted and entered at large upon the book containing fue records of their proceedings: "Whereas, the board of county commissioners of Valley county, Nebraska, did on the 7th day of October, 1879, submit to the people of said county the question of raIsIng $32,000 in bonds of said Valley county, for the purpose of funding the outstanding and unpaid wal'T'Rnts and indebtedness of said county; and whereas, the otlicIalabstract of votes cast at the general election held in said county of Valley and state of Nebraska, on the 4th day of November, A. D. 1879, regarding said proposition, was laid before the board 8Jt a regularly called meetIng thereof, held thds 24th day of November, A. D. 1879, said abS'tract showIng that two hundred and twenty-seven (227) votes were cast In favor of sald proposition, and that nine (9) votes were cast against said proposition, and it appearing that more than two-thirds of the votes cast were In favor of said proposition: Now, therefore, be It resolved that the proposition for issuing $32,000 in bonds of said county, fO'!." the purpose above stated, be, and the same is hereby, adopted. Resolved, that we issue coupon bonds In denominations not less than $50.00, or more than $1,000.00, not exceeding $312,000, to pay the outstanding and unpaid warl"ants and indebtedness of said county; said bonds to be issued and sold In accordance with the proposition submitted to the legal electors. of said county at the general election held on the 4th day of November, 1879,and now of record on page 157 of Oommissloners' RecO'l."ds." Thereafter, on the 6th day of January, 1880, said board of county commissioners issued the coupon bonds of said Valley county, as stated in the petition, to the amount of $32.000, viz. 00 bonds of $500 each, and 20 bonds nf $100. Each of said bonds contained on Its face the following recItals: "This debt is authorized by an act of the legislature of the mate of Nebraska, entitled 'An aet to provide for the funding of the warrants and outstanding indebtedness of counties,' approved February 17th, A. D. 1877, In pursuance whereof, on the 4th day of November, A. D. 1879, the commissioners of Valley county, in said state, submitted to the electors thereof, in the manner prescribed by law, the followIng proposition: 'Shall the county of Valley issue its coupon bonds, in denominations of not less than fifty, or more than one thousand donal'S, to the amount of thIrty-two thousand dollars, to pay the outstanding and unpaid warrants and indebtedness of said county, in the following order: First. the general fund; second, the special bridge fundi third, the land road fund,said bonds to be dated January 1, 1880, and payable at the office of the county treasure}." of said county, and to run twenty years, with interest at the rate of seven per cent. per annum, payable annually; provided that such bonds shall be redeemable at any time after ten years, upon giving at least thirty days' notice of such time of payment, in a paper published in said county; and, af1er the completion of said publication, said bonds shall cease to draw interest?' Which said proposition, upon the 4th d'ay of November, at the general election, was decided in the affirmative by a majority of the electors of said county. In accord'ance therewith, the said commissioners have entered the same upon the records of said county, given due notice of the adoption of sald proposition, and executed the bonds here iSSlued." Said bonds were all sold to one Taylor, a resident of Nebraska, for 92 cents on the dollar of their face value, and the proceeds of the sale was paid into the treasury of said Valley county. Withdn two years thereafter, they were sold to the present holders for 97 cents on the dollar. At the same general election held on November 4, 1879, there were cast in said Valley county 3Ul votes for candidates for a judici'al office. After the assessment rolls returned by the precinct assessors in the spring of 1879 came before and were acted upon by the county board of equalization, the county clerk of Valley county
731
made out In due form, and certified and delivered to the aurl!tor of the state of Nebraska, his official abstract of the assessment of said Valley county for the year 1879, showing the total assessed valuation of said county for that year to be the sum of $326,768. and the state ana county taxes for that year were levied upon the assessment shown by the said abstract. Said abstract dId not on Its face purport to cover the assessment of any property outside of Valley county. The precinct assessment rolls of that county proper, when footed, only showed an assessed valuation of $279,349, and there some unorganIzed territory then attached to saId Valley county for judicial, election, and revenue purposes, the assessed valuation of whIch may have been included in said abstract, but did not on the face of said abstract appear to have been so included. For the years 1881 to 1892, inclusive, said county of Valley raised by taxation, and paid, all the interest a,ccruing annually on said bonds, and including and since the year 1893 it has refused to pay any of the coupons maturing upon said bonds. Before and at the time when sald proposition to issue said bonds was submitted to vote as aforesaid, and when said bonds were issued as aforesaid, there were outstanding and unpaid other bonds issued by said Valley county, as bridge bonds, issued for works of internal improvement, to the amount of $6,000. The defendant in error is a bona fide holder of the bonds to which belonged the coupons for which he recovered judgment, and of such coupons, without any actual notice of any alleged defects or Irregulari· ties connected with the issue of such bonds.
L. O. Burr (Charles L. Burr, O. A. Munn, Olements Bros., and Ooffin & Stone with him on the brief), for plaintiff in error. C. O. Flansburg (H. A. Babcock with him on the brief), for de· fendant in error. Before SANBORN and THAYER, Oircuit Judges, and LOCH· BEN, District Judge. LOOHREN, District Judge, after stating the case as above, deliv· ered the opinion of the court. 1. The acts of the Nebraska legislature of 1877 and 1879, above referred to, authorized the issuance of the bonds of a county to pay its outstanding and unpaid warrants and indebtedness, upon the requisite action of the county board and vote of the qualified elect· ors, to an amount not exceeding 10 per cent. of the assessed valua· tion of the county, irrespective of bonds previously issued for works of internal improvements or other lawful special purpose. The language of these acts plainly confines the 10 per cent. limitation contained in them to the bonds to be issued under the provi· sions of those acts. The case of State v. Babcock, 18 Neb. 141, 24 N. W. 556, related to bonds issued after the amendment of 1883, which made a material change in the law. 2. The abstract of assessment of property in Valley county for the year 1879, made by the county clerk, and by him certified and transmitted to the auditor of the state, was a public record of the assessment which the statute required to be so made and transmitted, after the assessment books had been equalized and corrected by the county board. A purchaser of bonds, in determining whether the aggregate issue exceeded the statutory limit of 10 per' cent. of the assessed valuation, had the right to rely upon this abstract as a public record, authorized by statute to be made, as showing the amount of the assessment as finally corrected and established by
732
the board of equalization, and was not required to look through the books of the precinct assessors, and minutes of the board of minutes were kept, to verify such public record. equalization, if It is needless, therefore, to consider whether the indebtedlless fund· ed by these bonds may not have rested upon the attached territory, as well as upon Valley county proper. 3. By the Laws of 1879 (page 364, § 30) provision is made for ascertaining and making a public record of the result of the vote of the qualified electors of a county, where such a proposition has been submitted to vote, pursuant to law. It is enacted: "If it ·appears that two-thirds of the votes cast are in favor of the prof>osition, and the requirements of law have been fully complied with, the same shall be entered at large by the county board upon the book containing the record of 'their proceedings."
'j'his vests in the county board the power of determining whether or not it appears that two-thirds of the votes cast are in favor of the proposition, and whether or not the requiremeIl;ts of the law have been fully complied with. And, if they so determine, the act makes it their duty to enter such determination at large upon the book containing the record of their proceedings. Such action by the county board, and entry thereof in its records, constitutes the final and complete record evidence provided for by the legislature, of the submission of the question, the compliance with all requirements, and of the result of the vote. A purchaser of bonds need look no further than to the record so provided for. In this case such record was full and complete, and showed upon its face that the proposition submitted had been carried by a greater than twothirds vote, and that the requirements of the law had been complied with. The judgment is affirmed. THAYER, Circuit Judge. I concur in the view that a purchaser of the bonds in suit was entitled to rely on the abstract of the assessment which was made by the county clerk, and certified to the auditor of the state of Nebraska, for the following reasons: The act under which the assessment was made (Laws Neb. 1879, p. 276, §§ 52, 54, 65) did not require the precinct assessors to state the aggregate value of property, real and personal, found in their respective precincts; and a person who consulted the precinct assessment books after they had been returned to the county clerk could not ascertain therefrom the aggregate valuation of all property in the county, except by a careful examination and computa. tion. Besides, the board of equalization was authorized to make changes in the assessments after the precinct assessment books had been returned to the county clerk (Id. § 70); and no provision of the act, so rar as I am able to discover, made it the duty of the board to note the changes thus made on the precinct assessment books. The act, however, did require the clerk to make an abstract of the assessment, showing the total assessed valuation of all property, real and personal, which abstract was to be made and certified t() the auditor after the board of equalization had discharged its functions, and had made such alterations in the ya·
HEPUBLICAN MIN. CO. V. TYLER MIN. CO.
733
i·ious precinct assessments as it deemed proper. The act further directed that "the values to be given in said abstract shall be the valuations assessed by the assessor, and equalized and corrected as hereinbefore provided." Id. § 72. Moreover, the special finding of facts which was made by the trial court shows that tile levy of taxes for the year 1879, for state and county purposes, was made upon the basis of the abstract which was made by the county clerk, showing a total assessed valuation of $326,768. Under these circumstances, the abstract of the assessment which was certified by the county clerk to the auditor of the state would seem to have been the only authentic publicl'ecord showing the total assessed valuation, and upon that record a purchaser of the bonds in suit was entitled to rely. I also concur in the further views expressed in the opinion in chief.
REPUBLICAN MIN. CO. v. TYLER MIN. CO. (Circuit Court of Appeals, Ninth Oircuit. February 1, 1897.) No. 306.
1.
ApPRAI, AND ERROR-SECOND 'VHIT OF EHlWR-PRIOR DECISION.
Where a case has been brought before an appellate court, and there decided, a second writ of error brings up nothing for review but the proceed· mgs subsequent to the mandate; and the appellate court is not bound to consider any of the questions which were before It on the first writ of error.
2.
MINT';U LocNrloxs-ExTRALAT1':HAL HIGHTS.
When a lode enters an end line of a regularly located mining claim, and runs in its course lengthwise, nearly parallel with the side lines of the claim for the greater part of the length of the claim, the owners of the claim are not deprived of the extralateral rights attached to it because the lode crosses a side line before reaching the other end line, but the extralateral rights will extend from the end at which the lode enters to the point at which it crosses the side line, whether a new end line is regarded as being drawn at that point or not. Mining Co. v. Sweeney, 4 C. C. A. 329, 54 Fed. 284, and J.Jllst Chance Min. Co. v. Tyler Min. Co., 9 C. C. A. 613, 61 Fed. 557, reaf· firmed.
In Error to the Circuit Court of the United States for the Dis· trict of Idaho. This cause was tried before the circuit court, a jury having been waived by stipulation of the parties, as provided by section 649 of the Revised Statutes, upon an agreed statement of facts, which will be found In Mining Co. v. Sweeney, 79 Fed. 277. to which reference is here made. The portion which relates particularly to this case, and is not copied in that case, Is as follows: "It is further agreed that the Republican Fraction mining claim was duly located on the 1st day of November, 1885, and that the said location, so far as the making sald discovery, marking said surface boundary, and recording such locations are concerned, was made In conformity with the law, and that the annual labor required by law has bt'en duly performed therein; that the vein discovered In the said Republican Fraction mining claim Is the same vein which passes out through the southerly side line of the Tyler claim. It Is agreed that the vein on which the said Tyler, Last Chance, and Republican Fraction claims are located passes on its said dip underneath the surface limits of the Last Chance Fraction and Skookum Fraction claims, as they are laid down in said diagram." The diagram referred to in the statement of facts will be found In Mining Co. v. Sweeney, 79 li'ed. 277.