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78 FEDERAL REPORTER. THE CHICAGO. THE ALVENA. ATI,AS S. S. CO. v. THE CHICAGO. PENNSYLVANIA R. CO. v. THE ALVENA. (Circuit Court of Appeals, Second Oircuit. February 1, 1897.)
OOr,r,ISION-FERRYBOAT-TuG AND Tow.
Appeal from the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New York. See 78 Fed. 819. Cbas. C. Burlingham, for the tugs. Everett P. Wheeler, for Atlas S. S. Co. Henry G. Ward, for Pennsylvania R. Co. Before WALLACE and LACOMBE, Circuit Judges. PER CURIAM.. In these cases the fundamental questions are the distance of the Alvena and tugs from the piers, and the rate of speed of the ferryboat. Upon the evidence contaIned In the record, much of whicb was put in in the presence of the district judge, we concur in bis conclusion that the collision was occasioned solely by the fault of the tugs in towing the Alvena so near to the slip of the ferryboat that the latter, when about to leave the slip, on discovering the tug was unable to avoid collision by the exercise of reasonable care.
FIDELITY & CASUALTY CO. v. RANDOLPH. STANDARD L. & ACo. INS. CO. v. SAME. PREFERRED ACC. INS. CO. v. SAME. UNION C. & S. CO. v. SAME. (Circuit Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit. February 2, 1897.) Nos. 440-443. ACCIDENT INSURANCE-VOLUNTAHY EXPOSUHE-NEGLIGK\TCE.
In Error to the Circuit Court of the United States for the Western District of 'l'ennessee. J. K. Flippin and Luke E. Wright, for plaintiffs in error. Geo. Randolph, Samuel Holloway, and "Vm. M. Randolph, for defendant In error. Before HARLAN, Circuit Justice, LURTON, CirCUit JUdge, and SAGE, District ,Judge. I HARLAN, Circuit Justice. These were separate actions upon accident insurance contracts. They were tried witb the case Of Insurance Co. v. Randolph (just decided) 78 Fed. 754. The evidence in these cases was the same as in that case. The F'idelity & Casualty Company by Its contracts insured against "bodily injuries sustained through external, violent, and accidental means," and against death resulting within 90 days from such injuries independently of all other causes. But the contract did not cover (among other excepted cases) "voluntary exposure to unnecessary danger"; and "in case of injuries, fatal or otherwise, wantonly inflicted upon himself by the accused," the measure of the company's liability was a sum equal to the premium paid. The Standard Life & Accident Insurance Company by its contracts insured against "immediate, continuous, and total disability or death resulting from bodily injuries" caused "solely by external, violent, and accidental means." But its contracts did not cover (among other excepted cases) "intentional injury (inflicted by the insured or any other persons), voluntary overexertion,
llmMOHANDUi1 DECISIONS.
925
wrestling, lifting, racing, voluntary and unnecessary exposure to danger, entering or trying to enter or leave a moving conveyance using steam as a motor (cable cars excepted), ridIng in or on any conveyance not provided for the transportation of passengers, or walking or being on the roadbed or bridge of any railway." . · The Preferred Accident Insurance Company by its contracts insured against "immediate, continuous, and total disability or death resulting from bodily injuries," effected during the term of the insurance, "through external, violent, and accidental means." But those contracts did not cover (among other excepted cases) "intentional injury (inflicted by the insured or any other person), nor voluntary and unnecessary exposure to danger, nor wrestling, or fighting. or racing or competitive games, nor entering or leaving, or attempting to enter or leave, a moving conveyance using steam, cable, or electricity as a motor (except street cars), npr travel on any conveyance not proVided for transporting passengers"; the extent of the liability for "injuries, fatal or otherwise, purposely inflicted upon the insured by himself," to be the sum paid for the insurance ticket. ' The Union Casualty & Surety Company by its contracts insured against bodily injuries happening to the assured, as well as death, caused solely by external; Violent, and accidental means. But the contracts did not cover (among other excepted cases) "injuries intentionally inflicted on the assured by himself or by any other person, not being an unprovoked assault," nor "voluntary exposure to avoidable danger, except where incurred in an attempt to save human life." nor "any violation of law or municipal ordinance or of the rules of any corporation, entering or trying to enter or leave a moving conveyance (other than street cars) using steam or electricity as a motive power," nor "riding in or upon a conveyance not provided for the transportation of passengers, or walking or being on the roadbed or bridge of any railway," The defense in each of these cases was substantially the same as in the case against the Travelers' Insurance Company. The words, "voluntary and unnecessary exposure to danger," in the contracts with the Standard Life & Accident Insnrance Company and the Preferred Acci'lent Insurance Oompany, and the words, "voluntary exposure to avoidable <langer," in the contract with the Union Casualty & Surety Company, mean the same as the words, "voluntary exposure to unnecessary danger," in the contracts with the Travelers' Insurance Company and Fidelity & Casualty Company. For the reasons stated in the opinion in Insurance Co. v. Randolph (just decided), the judgment in each of these cases is atlirmed.
KING v. McCLINTOCK et at. (Circuit Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit. February 2, 1897.) No. 184. INJUNCTION-DISSOLUTION.
Appeal from the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of West Virginia. Maynard I!'. Stiles, for appellant. Z. T. Vinson, for appellees. Before SIMONTON, Circuit Judge, and MORRIS and BRAWLEY, District Judges. SIMONTON, Circuit Judge. This case presents precisely the same facts and the same questions as that of King v. Buskirk (just decided) 78 Fed. 233. '£he appellant is the same person as the appellant in that case, and the appellees were defendants in the injunction suits as well as in the action at law. verdict of the jury was in their favor, and their motion to dissolve the injunction was based on that verdict. The decree of the circuit court is afii!med.