NEW YOnK SI<XUlUTY & Tauer co. V. CAPITAL RY. CO.
529
by the New York Security & Trust Oompauy lookiug to a foreclosure of the mortgage, the case would not go out of court, nor would the street-railway company be reinstated in the possession and control of the railway line and its appurtenances; but the court would remain in control thereof under the bill originally filed by Joseph Sampson, and, under the allegations of that bill, it would be the duty of the court to protect the interest of the mortgage bondholders. For the purpose of getting upon the record a proper proceeding for the protection of the rights of the bondholders, the court granted leave to the trust company to file a bill in the premises, which has been done; but, when filed, it was but an outgrowth of' the proceedings already pending, and is auxiliary thereto. Under these circumstances, if it were true that, when the bill of March 25, 1895, was filed, there was then no default in the payment of the interest by the railway company, but such default has since happened, it would be competent for the trust company to file a supplemental bill, setting forth the facts, and praying proper relief thereon, whenever such default occurred. For illustration, if the bill filed March 25, 1894, had set forth the execution of the mortgage and the sale of the bonds, and had then averred that no interest was then due, the bill would have been a proper one, in view of the fact that the court had taken possession of the property by its receiver, and was proceeding to deal therewith in the interest of creditors. If, subsequently, interest came due and remained unpaid, it would be open to the trustee to file a supplemental bill, setting forth the facts, and praying a foreclosure in accordance with the terms of the mortgage. As the case now stands, the court can wholly ignore the bill filed March 25, 1895, and can treat the socalled amended supplemental bill as the sole pleading relied on by the trustee. The jurisdiction of the court over the property and over the street-railway company dates from the appointment of the receiver and the service of process based upon the bill filed by J 0seph Sampson; and the rights of the trustee, as the representative of the bondholders, to the property in the hands of the court, are presented by the bill last filed; and, if the facts in that bill show that the trustee is entitled to a foreclosure of the mortgage, it is immaterial what the facts were in March, 1895. The demurrer is, therefore, overruled. NEW YORK SECURITY & TRUST CO. v. CAPITAL RY. CO. (pHOENIX IRON WORKS, Intervener). (Circmt Court, D. Kentucky. 1.
November 14, 1896.)
MORTGA\lES-AFTER-AcQUIRED PROPEHTy-CmmITIONAL SALES.
Where chattels are sold under an agreement that the title shall not pass until full payment, and are delivered to the purchaser after he has made a mortgage covering after-acquired property, of which mortgage the vendor has constructive notice through its record, the vendor's lien on such chattels for their price will prevan, as against the mortgagee, provided such chattels are separate and distinct personalty, and do not become part uf the real estate mortgaged; but if, with the consent of the vendor, implied by his knowledge 77F.-34
530 to the
11 FEDERAL REPORTElL
of the mortgage, such chattels become a part' ot the realty, they are sub,eet
ot the mortgage.
·· CONDITIONAL SALES-FIXTURES.
A stipulation in a contract for thel sale of chattels that they shall not become or be deemed part of any. real estate cannot alter, as against one not a party to such contract, the legal effect of what may afterwards tbe done with such chattels.
.
On Demurrer to the Intervening Petition of the Phmnix Iron Works. T. L. Edelen, for complainants. Stone & Sudduth, for defendant. D. W. Lindsey, for intervener. BARR, District Judge. It a.ppears from the Intel"Vening petition that the intervener, the Phrenix Iron-Works Company, made a contract 0'11 the 19th of September, 1893, with Frank Whitley to furnish certain electric machinery.' In the letter at that date of Whitley, which was the original contract, he said: "It is further agreed that the title to said machinery shall remain in, and does not pass from, the Phrenix Iron-Works Company, until full payment Is made in cash. Promissory notes or bills of eXC1hange shall be deemed payments only when paid at maturity In cash, and, in default of payment as herein agreed, the Phrenlx Iron-Works Company, or their agent or attorney, may take possession of and remove said macbinery. without legal process, which taking shall not constitute a waiver of its damage for such nonpayment. said chattel shall not become or be deemed part of any real estate."
This contract was subsequently modi-fied as to the character of the machinery ordered, and on the 20th day of October said Whitley wrote the following letter to the Phrenix Iron-Works Company: "FmnkJ'ort, Ky., October 20th, 1893. "Phrenlx Iron-Works 00., Meadvllle, Pa.-Dear Sirs: By direction ot the Capital Rallway Company, r hereby authorize you to change my order from the steam plant for Frankfort, Ky., to the noncondensing steam plant, as per your proposal or September 29th, 1898, and we to pay yuu for same the sum of $4,000. Nothing In this order shall be construed as affecting the provisions of my original contract with you. Frank Whitley. "[Signed} "Accepted: Phrenlx Iron-Works Co., "By John DIck, General Manager."
Under this contract the Phrenix Iron-Works Company constructed the macbinery therein provided for, according to the specifications of September 29,1893. This was done between the 15th. of November, 1893, and December 9, 1893; but the work was not finished, set up, and completed in tbe power house at Frankfort until about the 2d day of April, 1894. There is a balance of over $2,000 claimed to be due on this contract for this machinery. The intervening petition claims a superior lien to that of the mortgage bondholders, who are seeking a foreclosure, for this balanoe. The mortgage sought to be foreclosed bears date September 26, 1893, and provides f.or the security of the bonds to be issued and dated on the 1st of November, 1893, for $70,000. This mortgage was acknowledged and recorded in the proper office October 16, 1893. It appears by the contract that it was contemplated by the parties that this electrio machinery should be erected in a power house in Frankfort,
NEW YORK SECURITY &: TRUST CO. V. CAPITAL RY. CO.
531
Ky., belonging to the Capital Railway O:>mpany, and which was to be a part of its electric street railway, and provisions are made for connecting and constructing said machinery in said power house. The question which the demurrer raises is whether or not the Phce· nix Iron-Works Company have a superior lien to that of the mortgage bondholders. It will be observed from this brief statement that the machinery was not furnished until after the mortgage was executed and the bonds issued, but that the machinery, when it was furnished, was under a contract which was made pri'or to the execution of the mortgage. The mortgage covered not only property which the Capital Railway Company then had, but all of its after-acquired property, and is, in terms, broad. enough to include this machinery. So the question arises, when this machinery was put in this power house and became part of the realty, whether or not the mortgage lien attached, free from any claim of the Phcenix Iron·Works Company. This question should be determined by the Kentucky law, and by that law an agreement to retain the title of peTsonal propert)" sold until the payment of the purchase price, when the property is delivered, is, in f:ffect, an absolute sale, with a mortgage back. Greer v. Church, 13 Bush, 430; Baldwin v. Crow, 86 Ky. 679, 7 S. W. 146; Lumber Co. v. Smith (Ky.) 32 S. W. 167; Hart v. Manufacturing 00.,7 Fed. 544. We think it is settled by the decisions 00' the supreme court that where there is a lien on personal property at the time it beoomes the mortgagor's property, and the property is claimed by the mortgagee under the clause for future-acquired property, the mortgagee takes it with the lien or incumbrance" provided it is separate and distinct, and has not become part of the freehold which has been mortgaged. See the following cases: U. S. v. New Orleans R. Co., 12 Wall. 362; Fosdick v. Schall, 99 U. S. 251; Irrigation 00. v. Gar· land (decided Oct. 19,1896) 17 Sup. Ct. 7. But where, as in this case, personal property has become a part of the realty mortgaged, with the consent of the intervening petitioner, the Phcenix Iron·Works Company, then such property, though acquired after the mortgage was executed, becomes subject to the superior lien of the mortgage. This because of the provision of the mortgage as to future·acquired property, and because it has become a part of the realty which was previously mortgaged. 2 Jones, Real Prop. §§ 1478, 1479. The general doctrine as to what is acquired under a mortgage clause embracing "after·acquired property," and its effect upon liens existing at the time when the property became subject to the mortgage, is thoroughly discul!lsed by the supreme court in the following cases: See cases supra, and Dunham v. Railroad, 1 Wall. 255; Railroad Co. v. Cowdrey, 11 Wall. 459; Porter v. Steel Co., 120 U. S. 649, 7 Sup. Ct. 1206; Id., 122 U. S. 267, 283, 7 Sup. Ct. 12(}6; Thompson v. Railway Co., 132 U. S. 69, 10 Sup. Ct. 29; Railway Co. v. Hamilton, 134 U. S. 2!}6, 10 Sup. Ct. 546; Trust Co. v. Kneeland, 138 U. S. 414, 11 Sup. Ct. 357; McGourkey v. Railway Co., 146 U. S. 536, 13 Sup. Ct. 170; and Wade v. Railway Co., 149 U. S. 327, 13 Sup. Ct. 892. It is unnecessary to review these anthodties, but, for the purpose of this case, it may be concluded that the Phcenix Iron-Works
532
77
FEDERAL REPORTER.
Company's lien would have been superior to the mortgage lien, as it existed at the time the machinery became subject to the mortgage, if it had remained personal property and free from the realty; but when it became part of the realty mortgaged with the consent of the iron-works company, who had constructive notice of the moTtgage, by reason of its being recorded, and without any arrangement with the. mortgagee, the mortgage lien which was already upon the power house attached, and was superior to any claim of the Phcenix Iron-Works Company. The previous agreement that said chattel shall not become or be deemed part of any real estate cannot have any legal effect, as against the mortgagee's right,who was not a party to said agreement, and is in no way bound by it. See 2 Jones, Real Prop. §§ 1478, 1479. A party cannot, as against a stranger, contract against the legal results of his acts; and in this case both Whitley and the Phcenix Iron-Works Company and the railway company contemplated what was afterwards done, viz. that the machinery should be erected in the power house, and become a part of the realty which was mortgaged. It follows from these views that the demurrer to the intervening petition should be sustained, and it is so ordered. ISRAEL v. GALE.
(Circuit Court or Appeals, Second Circuit. 1.
December 8, 1896.)
ACCOMMODATION PAPER-RIGHTS OF PURCHASER$.
Accommodation paper Is into circulation for the purpose or giving credit to the party for whose benefit it is Intended, and, although he cannot maintain an action upon It against: the accommodation maker or indorser, a purchaser can do so, who acquires it while still current, and gives the credit It was I.Dtended to promote, although with knowledge of Its original character. One who takes accommodation paper from the party ror whose benefit It was made, and gives him credit for the same on a precedent Indebtedness, though advancing no money, Is a holder of such paper for value.
S.
8AME-HOI,DERS FOR VAl.UE.
In Error to the Circuit Court of the United States for the .Southern District of New York. Frank Sullivan Smith, for plaintiff in error. Bissell, Sicard, Bissell & Carey, for defendant in error. Before WALLACE and LACOMBE, Circuit Judges. WALLAOE, Circuit Judge. This is a writ of error by the defendant in the court below to review a judgment for the plaintiff entered upon a verdict directed by the court. The assignments of error raise the question whether the trial judge was justified in withdrawing the case from the consideration of the jury and instructing them to return a verdict against the defendant. The action' was brought by the plaintiff, as the receiver of the Elmira National Bank, to recover the amount of a promissory note for $17,000, dated May 4, 18B3, payable to the order of the bank, and signed by the defendant. The defense was that the note was made