W.A.N.A.M.A.KER V. COOPER.
465
ment by the master. There was no application for its modification, as in Thomas v. Railway Co., heretofore cited. If I treat the present proceeding as an application for its modification, it comes too late, for the decree has been fully executed. If the clerk conceives his legal commission affected by an inadvertent order, he should at the time raise the question by an application for a modification. He cannot stand by and let the decree be executed, and then ask commissions upon the theory that the decree which kept him from receiving, keeping, and paying out the fund was void, or that it con· structively placed the fund in his hands. The application must be disallowed. WANAMAKER et a!. v. COOPER, Collector. (Circuit Court, E. D. Pennsylvania. No. 24. June 25, 1895.)
1.
CUSTOMS DUTJES-CLASSIFICATION-MEN'S LEATHER GLOVES.
"Men's leather gloves, prick-seam and embroidered," were dutiable, under the act of October 1, 1890, at $1 per dozen and 50 per cent. ad valorem, not at $1.50 and $2 and 50 per cent. ad valorem.
2. SAME-Toys-TINSEL THREAD FOR CHRISTMAS TREES.
Metal thread, known as "tinsel," "tinsel thread," "lametta," etc., but never as a "toy," was not dutiable as such, under the act of October 1, 1890. merely because it Is used almost exclusively for decorating Christmas trees. "Wool knit hats," Invoiced as "red fez caps," held dutiable as wearing apparel (affirming the decision of the board of general appraisers, In the absence of evidence by appellant). The fact that a "toy," broadly defined, Is an article mainly Intended for the amusement of children, does not warrant the conclusion that anything chiefly used to decorate an object designed to amuse children is Ito be classified as a "toy." An article which is invoiced and Intended to be sold as a single thing is not resolvable into Its constituents for purposes of ascertaining) duty. Held, therefore, that cases containing needles, Imported as an entirety, and designed to be sold as "furnished needle cases," must be classified as integral articles accordIng to their componenrts or chief value. Merchandise invoiced and known (and In this instance sold) as papier mache Is dutiable as such, though every constituent of papier mache may not be present In the composition of whIch it Is made.
8.
SAME-WOOl, KNIT HATS.
(. SAME.
5.
SAME-FURNISHED NEEDLE CASES.
SAME-PAPIER MACHE.
This was an application by John Wanamaker and others, importers of certain merchandise, for a review of the decision of the board of genera.l appraisers affirming the decision of the collector of the port of Philadelphia as to the rate of duty upon the said merchandise. Among the imports in question were certain "men's leather gloves, prick-seam and embroidered." These were assessed by the appraiser at a cumulative duty of $1.50 and $2 per dozen and 50 per cent. ad valorem, under the tariff act of October 1, 1890. The importer claimed by his protest that they were dutiable only at $1 per dozen and 50 per cent. ad valorem. The appraiser's decision was affirmed v.69F.no.6-30
466
J'EDERAL REPORTER,
vol. 69.
by the collector and the board of United States general appraisers. Part of the merchandise consisted of "wool knit hats," which were invoiced as "red fez caps." These were appraised as wearing apparel by the appraiser, and his decision was affirmed by the collector and the board of general appraisers. Frank P. Prichard, for plaintiffs. Ellery P. Ingham, U.S. Atty., for the Government. DALLAS, Circuit Judge. This is an appeal from a decision of the board of general appraisers by which questions are presented as to the rates of duty applicable to five articles. 1. Their decision as to "men's leather gloves, prick-seam and embroidered," conflicts with jUdicial authority, and therefore cannot he sustained. 2. As to the wool knit hats, the appellants offered no evidence, and the decision as to these articles will stand. 3. As to the use and trade-name of the article described in the opinion of the board of appraisers as "metal ornament for Christmas trees," there is, under the evidence, no room for doubt. Its principal and almost exclusive use is for the decoration of Christmas trees. and it is known in the trade as "tinsel," "tinsel thread," "lametta," etc., but never as a "toy." In fact, it is a metal thread, though, in the condition in which it was imported in this instance, it is not fit to be employed as a metal thread, for embroidering or other manufacturing p.urposes. I do not understand that the board of appraisers found these facts to ·be otherwise than I have stated them. If they had done so, I would, of course,have regarded their finding with much respect. There. is, however, no conflict nf evidence, and the only question is as . to thecorrectn.ess of the conclusion which they deduced from the clearly-established Their decision was wholly founded upon the assumption that because a toy, broadly defined, is an article mainly intended for the amusement 'of children, therefore anything which is chiefly used to decorate an object designed to amuse children shnuld itself be taken to be a toy. I think this reasoning is unsound. In common speech the word "toy" certainly has no such comprehensive significance, and the evidence shows that, in the trade, the material in question is not known or designated as a toy. When placed upon Christmas trees, it does, no doubt, contribute to the amusement of children, but so do many things which could not with any aptitude be classified as toys. A toy is a thing to amuse children, but it does not follow that everything which amuses them, or which enters into a device for their amusement, is in itself a toy. I am constrained to overrule the decision of the board of general appraisers as to this merchandise. 4. Protest· 8704b related to an importation of needle cases furnished with needles. If separately considered, as the appellants contend they should be, these cases would be dutiable, and the needles would be free. The board of appraisers found, however, that the cases, with their contents, were invoiced and imported as an entirety, and designed to be sold as "furnished needle cases"; and they there-
ZIMMEHN V. UNITED STATES.
467
fore held that they should be classified as integral articles accarding to their components of chief value. I am of opinion that this view of the matter is correct; that an article which is invoiced and intended to be sold as a single thing is not resolvable into its constituents for the purpose of ascertaining its liability to duty. The decision as to these articles will stand. 5. The board of appraisers found that certain imported merchandise consisted of "articles known as papier mache," and therefore held that it was dutiable as papier mache. This finding of fact is unquestionably correct, and the conclusion stated was also right. Articles invoiced, known, and (in this instance) sold as papier mache, cannot be relieved from payment of duty as such, upon the ground, here set up, that every constituent of true papier mache was not present in the camposition of which they were made. The decision as to these articles will stand. Let judgment be entered in accordance with this opinian.
ZIl\:LVIERK et al. v. UNITED STATES.
(CircuitCourt,S. D. New York.
May 9, 1895.)
CUSTOMS DUTIES-CLASSIFICATION-SILK VEST CHAINS.
Silk vest chains, in which silk is the component of chief value, were dutiable at 50 per Cellt. ad valorem. under paragraph 383 of the act of March 3, 1883, and not at 25 per cent., as "jewelry," under Tariff Ind. 459.
This was an application by Henry Zimmern & Co. for a review of the decision of the board of United States general appraisaffirming the decision of the collector for the port of New York in respect to the classification for duty of certain merchandise imported by them. The merchandise in question consisted of vest chains, which are silk guards or chains used for watches and eyeglasses. Silk is the component of chief value, and the collector imposed a duty of 50 per cent. ad valorem, under paragraph 383 of the act of March :3, 1883.. The importers 'protested on the ground that the goods "vere dutiable at 25 per cent., as "jewelry," under Tariff Ind. 459. 'fhe board of appraisers affirmed the collector's decision, saying that the goods were not commercially or popularly known as "jewelry." Albert Comstock (of Comstock & Brown), for importers. .Jason Hinman, Asst. U. S. Atty., for the United States. TOWNSEND, District Judge (orally). It does not appear. that there is any commercial designation for jewelry which includes these silk vest chains. The article is not jewelry in the ordinary sense of the word, nor is it considered je"vp!ry by the trade. The decision of the board of general appraisers is affirmed.