ltANSAS .. A. V. BY. CO. t1. WHITE.
4.81
to pledge the new 88 bales if the old ones were dellvered to them. Irhe ·ofl'er was accepted, and, on the faith of their possession of the bales which they thus ofl'ered to pledge, the older bales were given up to them. This was a valuable consideration, parted with in good faith, and entitles the person paying it to the proteotion of the factors' act, as against the plaintifl's who had intrusted Lipman & Co. with the possession of the goods. The trust company on December 15, 1892, had a valid lien on all of the 200 bales remaining in the warehouse under the two uncanceled open receipts of December 1, 1891, and they certainly did not lose such lien by returning the original receipts to the warehouse, and accepting in exohange a single one in their own name for the full account The judgment of the circuit court should be affirmed.
KANSAS & A. V. RY. No.
co. T. WHITE. April 3, 189lS.)
(CirCUit Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit. 567. COlllTRmUTORV NEGLIGENcm-PRoxIMATE CAUSE.
In an action against a railroad company for negligently causIng the death of a person Who, a1l the time of the accident, was standing on the platform of the caboose attached to the wrecked train, the court charged the jury that if they found that the fact that the deceased was on the pla.tform did not contribute in any degree to his injury, but that he would have been fatally injured if he had been Inside the caboose, then the plaintiff was entitled to recover, if the defendant was found to have been negligent. Held no error.
In Error to the United States Court in the Indian Territory. This was an action by AIonia White, administratrix of Warner B. White, deceased, against the Kansas & Arkansas Valley Railway Company, to recover damages for causing the death of the plaintifl"s intestate. The plaintiff recovered a judgment in the circuit court. Defendant brings error. Geo. E. Dodge, B. S. Johnson, and O. B. Moore, for plaintiff in error. William T. Hutchings, for defendant in error. Before CALDWELL, SANBORN, and THAYER, Circuit Judges. CALDWELL, Circuit Judge. This suit was commenced by AIonia White, as administratrix of the estate of Warner B. White, de· ceaRed, the defendant in error, against the Kansas & Arkansas Valley Railway Company, in the United States court in the Indian Territory, to recover damages for the killing of Warner B. White, the plaintiff's husband. On the 4th day of May, 1892, Warner B. White, the deceased, was traveling on a freight train of the defendant, in oharge of cattle. The accident which resulted in his death occurred about 2 o'clock at night, at Wagner, in the Indian Territory, and was brought about by a mistake in making a drop or flying switch. The engineer intended that the engine should go on the and v.67F.no.4-31
482
FEDERAL REPORTER,
vol. 67.
the stock train, and the caboose on which White was riding, on the main track; but by sonie mistake the engine went on the main track, and the stock train on the switch, where it came in collision with some loaded coal cars standingon the switch track, with so much force and violence that the caboose was thrown over, and more or less broken up. The end which came in contact with the coal cars was "swished around, and the track torn up"; and the other end was jammed into the cattle car in front of it, and White, who was standing on the platform of that end of the caboose, was thrown into and against the cattle car, and killed. The plaintiff in error contends that the evidence does not show that the company was .guilty of negligence, and does show that the deceased was guilty of contributory negligence. These were questions of fact, which were properly submitted to the jury by the court in a charge to which no just exception can be taken. On both these issues there was evidence from which the jury might infer that the company was negligent, and that the deceased was not negligent The instructions asked by the defendant, and refused, were fully covered by the court's charge in chief, and the court properly refused to repeat them in the language of counsel. The court gave the following instructions to the jury: "If you find that the deceased was, at the time of the accident, riding upon the platform of the caboose, -and that is not denied,-and if you further find that the deceased would not have been injured if he had been inside the caboose, and not on the platform, you will find for the defendant, notwithstanding the defendant ma.y have been negligent in the operation of its trains, because the platform of the caboose was a place where the deceased had no right to be. [But if you believe from the evidence that, although the deceased was upon the platform at the time of the accident, that his being there did not contribute in any degree to his injury,-that is, if you believe that he would have been fatally injured if he had been inside the caboose,-then the plaintiff is entitled to recover, provided you find that defendant was guilty of negligence as before charged.]" The defendant duly excepted to so much of the paragraph of this charge as is contained within brackets. The clause of the instruction to which exception was taken stated the correctly. It is now well settled that a passenger on a railroad train, who is injured by the negligence of the railroad company, is not debarred from a right to a recovery because he was at the time he received the injury negligently riding on the platform of the car, or in some other exposed or dangerous position, if such action on his part did not contribute in any degree to the accident or to his injury. If the accident which occasioned the injury would havehappened,and would have been attended with the same results to the passenger, if he had been in his proper place on the train, then his negligence is not "contributory negligence," in a sense that would precl\lde a recovery, becanse it in no manner or degree contributed to the injury, and is therefore wanting in the element of proximate cause essential to constitute contributory negligence that will bar a recovery. Jacobus v. Railroad Co., 20 Minn. 125 (Gil. 110) ; Carrico v. Railway Co. (W. Va.) 19 S. E. 571, 575; Railroad Co. v. Thomas, 79 Ky. 166; Railway Co. v.
KAHNWEILER tI. PHENIX INS.
co.
483
KAHNWEILER et aI.
T.
PHENIX INS. CO. OF BROOKLYN.
(Circuit Court of Appeals, IDlghth Circuit. April 26, 1895.) No. 388. 1. PLEADING-DEFENSES-CONDITION PRECEDENT.
A polley of fire insurance contained a condition that, upon the parties taUlng to agree upon the amount of damage, the same should be submitted to arbitrators, chosen as therein provided, and a further condition that no suit on the polley should be sustainable until atter an award should have been obtained fixing the amount of damage. Held that, under the system of code pleading, permitting a general averment of performance of conditions precedent, the Insurance company, In order to take advantage of nonperformance of this condition, must set up such nonperformance specially In Its answer to a suit on the policy. Held, further, that such defense would be a dilatory defense, upon which, If properly pleaded, judgment could only be entered that the action abate until after an award should have been obtained. and Dot finally In defendant's favor.
ll.
PRAOTICE-FORM OF JUDGMENT OK DILATORY PLEA.