IN BE LINDNER.:
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hold therefore that the order of the collector to be available should have been made at some time prior to Monday, February 6th. I am entirely clear upon the proof that no order was received by the importers prior to that time, and I shall hold that the decision of the board of general appraisers should be reversed, and that the merchandise in question, contained in, parcel 18,230, should be classified and assessed for duty as cotton cloth under paragraph 848 of the act of 1890.
In re LINDNER. (Circuit Court, S. D. New York. April 25. 1894.) No. 1,255. CusTmIs DUTIES-ToOLS OF TRADE SEVERAL MACHINES OF THE SAME KIND.
A glove manUfacturer imported four machines used in the manufacture of gloves. whlchhe himself, his father, and his two brothers had worked in Germany, Intending to transplant his business to the United States, and to manufacture gloves In the same way. Helcl, that all the macbines were e;ntitled tq entry free of duty as "tools of trade," under Act Oct 1, 1890, par. 686.
l'his was an application by Emil Linder, importer of certain maehines, for a review of the decision of the board of general. appraisers sustainiIigthe decision of the collector of the port of ::Sew York as to the rate of duty, on such machines. Stephen G. Clarke, for importer. O. H. Wenng, Asst. U. S. Atty., for collector. COXE, District Judge (orally). The importation which is the subject of this suit consisted of four machines used in the manufacture of gloves, which were assessed for duty by the collector at 45 per centum ad valorem under paragraph 215 of the tariff act of October 1, 1890. The importer claims that they were free of duty as "tools of trade" under paragraph 686 of the same act. With· out doubt the importer might have brought one of these machines to this country free of duty. The question is whether bringing four machines changes the situation; whether one man can bring in four machines as tools of his trade when he can work but one. There is no evidence that he intended to work these machines other than by manual power, and I assume that one man cannot work four. If there were only one machine I would not have a particle of doubt, but the fact thatthere are foul' machines raises a question of importance. The evidence shows that these machines were to be used by the importer, his father, and two brothers, in the same way they had used them in Germany. I can hardly think that congress intended to exact duty from a man who comes to this country under such circnmstances,bringing with him certain implements with which he made a living in his European home. It is yery much like the case of a tailor Who has :1. small shop, in whieh his wife, daughter and son help him work the. sewing machines. HecQllles here intending to transplant his. business.
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FEDERAL REPORTER,
vol. 66.
He does 'not Intend to start a manufacturing establishment here as we understand that term. He intends to work just as he did at home and make articles of clothing by the help of his own family. It may be that the importer by some admissions in his affidavit has made it difficult to determine this question in his favor, but I think it is the duty of the court to brush aside these technicalities, try to look at the question from a common-sense point of view and get at the spirit of the law. I cannot believe that it was the intention of the law to exact duty in a case like this and under the circumstances the doubt, if there be one, should be resolved in favor of the importer. The decision of the board of general appraisers is, therefore, reversed.
In re MERCK et aL (Circuit Court, S. D. New York. April 26, 1894.) CUSTOMS DUTJES-CLASSIFICATION-CRI,ORAL HYDRATE.
U. S. v. Battle & Co. Chemists' Corp., 4 C. C. A. 249, 54 Fed. 141, followed.
This was an application by Merck & Co., importers of chloral hydrate, for a review of the decision of the board of general appraiserssnstaining the decision of the collector of the port of New York as to the rate of duty on said merchandise. Everit Brown, for importers. James T. Van Rensselaer, Asst. U. S. Atty., for collector. COXE, District Judge. The questions involved in this appeal have all been determined in the Case of Battle & Co., 50 Fed. 402, affirmed 4 C. O. A. 249, 54 Fed. 141. There is some testimony here which was not present in the Battle Case, but the new evidence is cumulative in character and does not change in any degree the character of the propositions decided. I am clearly of the opinion that the decision of the court of appeals of the Eighth circuit should be followed by this court. The decision of the board is reversed. In re SPIELMAN et at. (Circuit COUli, S. D. New York. April 26, 1894.) No. 1,039. CUSTOMS DUTIES-CLASSIFICATION-VEILS.
Veils are within the provision of Act Oct. 1, 1890, par. 349, relating to "articles of wearing apparel of every descripti.on." ,
This was an application by Spielman & Co., importers of certain ladies' veils, for a review of the decision of "he board of general appraisers as to the rate of duty on such merchandise. A. P. Ketcham, for importers. . Thomas Greenwood, Asst. U. S. Atty., for collector.