lIERMANN tI. UNITED .STA1ES.
721
The importations consisted of articles of wearing apparel for women, appropriately trimmed. The collector assessed them under 373 of the. act of 1890. The importers protested, under paragraph 349 of same act. David Ives Mackie, for importers. James T. Van Rensselaer, for collector. COXE, District Judge (orally). It seems to me that the proposition that a fabric made on a loom with a Jacquard attachment is not embroidery, has been determined by the circuit court of appeals. U. S. v. Albert, 9 C. C. A. 332, 60 Fed. 1012. How can a machine that is incapable of embroidering dots, sprays, etc., embroider the figures appearing on the article in suit? I do not see how I can say that the same machine which the court has held cannot embroider, can embroider. The two cases cannot be distinguished. It is clear, in view of this decision, that the court cannot say that a fabric made in this way is embroidered. It would create an unfortunate conflict of authority to hold in one case that a machine can embroider when in another case it is held that the same machine cannot embroider. The circuit court of appeals having decided that a loom with a Jacquard attachment cannot do embroidery work the only remaining question is whether or not a trade-name has been established by the respondent. Upon that proposition it is conceded, as I understand it, that the question is in doubt, with a larger number of witnesses testifying against the contention of the collector than supporting it. The fact that a trade-name has not been established by either side compels the court to determine what in fact the article is, whether it is in fact embroidered. As to that proposition I have no doubt There is no evidence that the loom described can do embroidery work, and as I recall the testimony it is well-nigh unanimous that the machine cannot do embroidery work. In fact I could go further and say, if I were called upon to decide, on this evidence, what the trade-name was in this market on October 1, 1890, that tbis importation was not known in trade and commerce as "embroidery" or as an Ilarticle of wearing apparel embroidered by hand or machine," under paragraph 373 of the tariff act of 1890. I think the decision of the board of general appraisers, so far as it relates to the question discussed, should be reversed. HERMANN et aI. v. UNITED STATES. (CIrcuit Court, S. D. New York. January 31, 1895.) No. 1,743. CUSTOMS DUTIES - ORDER FOB RETURN 011' GOODS TO PUBLIO STORES-COMPUTATION OF TIME.
excluded, and service of such notice on the Monday following Is not sufficient. Sbefer v. Magone, 47 Fed. 872, followed.
turn of goods to the public stores, under Rev. St. § 2899, must be served upon the Importer, If the tenth day falls on Sunday, that day cannot be
In computing the 10 days within which the order of the collector for re-
v.66F.no.5-46
722
FimEltALnEPORTER,
vol. 66.
.of certain merchandise, for a review of the decision of the board
application by Hermann, Sternbach & Co., Importers
of general appraisers snstaining the decision of the collector- of the port of New York as to the rate of duty on such merchandise. The imported goods are manufactures of cotton. The collector assessed them erroneously. under paragraph 394 of the tariff act of 1890. He refused to classify them under paragraph 348 of the same act, for the reason that they had not been returned to the public stores, pursuant to the order of the collector under section 2899 of the Revised Statutes. The board of general appraisers sustained the action of the collector. Stephen G. Clarke, for importers. James T: Van Rensselaer, Asst. U. S. Atty., for collector.
COXE, District Judge (orally). It is not disputed by the collector that the sample of the imported goods produced by the importers is a manufacture of cotton. If the case of goods in question was composed, as the importers testified it was, of like goods, the duty imposed by the collector was improperly imposed, unless the importers by reason of their subsequent conduct are estopped from showing what their importation actually was. The only question for the court to determine is whether or not the order which the law required the collector give to the importers to return the ca·se of goods in question to the public stores was given within the 10 days required by law after the packages designated by the collector and sent to th.e pUblic stores to be opened and examined had been appraised and reported to him. This date, it is conceded, was January 26, 1893. The 10 days, if the above date is included in the computation, would expire on the 4th day pf February, and if excluded it>would expire on: the 5th day of Febru&ry The 5th day of FebI'uary, 1893, was Snnday. 'l'here is absolutely no proof of ;which'the court can predicate a'finding of .fact that the notice mailed by the colle'ctorto 'the 'importers for a return of the goods in question waS served upon the' 4th day of February.' If the court is permitted to indulge in and it is probable that the notice was mailed o:ri that day, but the orilyevidence of its receipt comes from and is to the effect that it was received Monday morning, February 6th; no analogy between the giving of the actual order which was here necessary and the service of notices by mail in actions at law governed by special statutes. The law required the goods to be returned upon the order of the collectQr, and it is; ,lllanifest that until the order was received'by the importers they were. not re.quil'ed to act and could not 'act. Was the order given to the importers on February 6th in time, or, in other words, was it wiithin 10 days from January 26,. ,1893? .The,answel" depends. upon whether' or' hot thecollrt can consider Sunday a dies non and include within the l(). days. The an!tlogy to tRe of the ll\w,' court,s cannot be considered in determining this question. As matter of fact. Monday was not within the ·10 days, The precise point was determined with reference to a protest in Sherer v. Magone, 47 Fed. 872. lshall
IN BE LINDNER.:
723
hold therefore that the order of the collector to be available should have been made at some time prior to Monday, February 6th. I am entirely clear upon the proof that no order was received by the importers prior to that time, and I shall hold that the decision of the board of general appraisers should be reversed, and that the merchandise in question, contained in, parcel 18,230, should be classified and assessed for duty as cotton cloth under paragraph 848 of the act of 1890.
In re LINDNER. (Circuit Court, S. D. New York. April 25. 1894.) No. 1,255. CusTmIs DUTIES-ToOLS OF TRADE SEVERAL MACHINES OF THE SAME KIND.
A glove manUfacturer imported four machines used in the manufacture of gloves. whlchhe himself, his father, and his two brothers had worked in Germany, Intending to transplant his business to the United States, and to manufacture gloves In the same way. Helcl, that all the macbines were e;ntitled tq entry free of duty as "tools of trade," under Act Oct 1, 1890, par. 686.
l'his was an application by Emil Linder, importer of certain maehines, for a review of the decision of the board of general. appraisers sustainiIigthe decision of the collector of the port of ::Sew York as to the rate of duty, on such machines. Stephen G. Clarke, for importer. O. H. Wenng, Asst. U. S. Atty., for collector. COXE, District Judge (orally). The importation which is the subject of this suit consisted of four machines used in the manufacture of gloves, which were assessed for duty by the collector at 45 per centum ad valorem under paragraph 215 of the tariff act of October 1, 1890. The importer claims that they were free of duty as "tools of trade" under paragraph 686 of the same act. With· out doubt the importer might have brought one of these machines to this country free of duty. The question is whether bringing four machines changes the situation; whether one man can bring in four machines as tools of his trade when he can work but one. There is no evidence that he intended to work these machines other than by manual power, and I assume that one man cannot work four. If there were only one machine I would not have a particle of doubt, but the fact thatthere are foul' machines raises a question of importance. The evidence shows that these machines were to be used by the importer, his father, and two brothers, in the same way they had used them in Germany. I can hardly think that congress intended to exact duty from a man who comes to this country under such circnmstances,bringing with him certain implements with which he made a living in his European home. It is yery much like the case of a tailor Who has :1. small shop, in whieh his wife, daughter and son help him work the. sewing machines. HecQllles here intending to transplant his. business.