UNITED STATES
v.
MERCK.
251
-of the counsel for each of the parties. The doctrines announced by Mr. Justice Gray in the case last referred to, and the doctrine of the various previous cases in that court, reviewed by him and so clearly summarized in that opinion, have become familiar law. But neither in those opinions of the supreme court, nor in the authority of the Texas cases, as we read them, do we find support for the contention of the defendant in error. The Texas cases, taken all together, it seems to us, oppose, rather than sustain, the defendant's contention. The opinions of the supreme court, so far as they apply, have the same effect. It seems clear to us that the contract in question is within the powers of the council to contract. We conclude, therefore, that the demurrer should have been overruled. Ordered that the judgment of the circuit court is reversed, and the cause remanded to that court, with direction to award the plaintiff a new trial UNITED STATES v. MERCK et al. (Circuit Court of Appeals, Second Circuit. January 9, 1895.) CUSTOMS DUTIES-CLASSIFICATION-ELATERIUJ\I.
;Elaterlum In cakes, prepared from the juice of the fruit of "echalllum elaterium" by evaporation and drying, and containing a medicinal drug kIlo,vn as "elaterine," which, however. is extracted from the cakes before it Is used by the physician, is exempt from duty under Act Oct. 1, 1890, par 560, as a drug "in a crude state," and cannot be classified as a "medicinal preparation," within paragraph 75, nor as a "drug which has been advanced in value or condition, by refining or grinding or by some process of manufacture," within paragraph 560.
Appeal from the Circuit Oourt of the United States for the Southrn District of New York. This was an application by Merck & Co., importers of certain merchandise known as "elaterium," for a review of the decision of the board of general appraisers sustaining the decision of the collector of the port of New York as to the rate of duty on such merchandise. The circuit court reversed the decision of the board. The United .states appealed. Henry C. Platt, Asst. U. S. Atty. Comstock & Brown, for importers. Before WALLACE, LAOO!IBE, and SHIPMAN, Oircuit Judge&. SHIPMAN, Circuit Judge. The appellees, Merck & 00., imported, in the year 1892, into the port of New York, sundry boxes containing a drug known as' "elaterium," which was returned by the appraisers as a "medicinal preparation," and duty was assessed thereon by the collector at 25 per cent. ad valorem, under tbe provision of paragraph 75 of the tariff act of October 1, 1890, which is as follows: "All medicinal preparations, including medicinal proprietary preparations of which alcohol is not a component part, and not specially provided for in this act, 25 per cent. ad valorem; caiomel and other mercurial medicinal preparations, 35 per cent. ad valorem."
252
FEDERAL REPORTER,
vol. 66.
The importers protested, claiming that the merchandise was exempt from duty because contained in the free list They principally relied on the alleged fact that it was a crude drug, and was exempt under paragraph 560 of the same act, which is as follows: "Drugs, such as barks, beans, berries, balsams, buds, bulbs, and bulbous roots, excrescences such as nut galls, fruits, 1l0wers, dried fibers and dried insects, grains, gums and gum resin, herbs, leaves, lichens, mosses, nuts, roots and stems, spices, vegetables, seeds aromatic, and seeds of morbid growth, weeds and woods used expressly for dyeing; any of the foregoing which are not edible and are in a crude state, and not advanced in value or condition by refining or grinding, or by other process of manufacture, and not specially provided for in this act."
The collector's decision was sustained by the board of general appraisers, whose decision was reversed by the circuit court. The United States thereupon appealed to this court. Elaterium is the residue deposited by the juice of the fruit of echallium elaterium, which is a little fruit resembling somewhat the cucumber, with a hollow interior filled with juice. The fruit is gathered just before it is ripe, because when ripe it breaks in handling. It is cut in two, when the juice flows out, which is allowed to stand until the sediment is deposited at the bottom. The juice is poured off, and the sediment is dried as quickly as possible, to avoid fermentation. The British Pharmacopoeia contains the following formula for the preparation of the drug as imported: "Cut the fruit lengthwise, and lightly press out the juice. Strain it through a hair sieve, and set aside to deposit. Carefully pour off the supernatant liquor, pour the sediment on a linen filter, and dry it on p<lrous tiles, in a warm place."
It is imported in little cakes, and varies much in quality. It is not used in this form by the physician. The manufacturer extracts from the cakes their vital principle, which is known as "elaterine." The imported article is not a medicinal preparation. It is an article from which a medicinal preparation can be made. It is a deposit from the juice or is the evaporated juice of the fruit, and from it its active principle is subsequently extracted. The contention of the United States, that, if not a medicinal preparation, it is, under paragraph 560 of the act of October, 1890, a drug which has been advanced in value or condition by refining or grinding, or by some process of manufacture, cannot be sustained. It is not only a drug, but a crude drug, and is the crudest form in which elaterium is known. It is not reasonable to call the simple process of evaporation and of drying, by which it has been brought into the condition of a drug, a process of manufacture which has advanced the article beyond the condition of a crude drug. The juice has become, by evaporation and drying, a crude drug, but nothing more. The decision of the circuit court is affirmed.
PENROSE V. PACIFIC MUT. LIFE INS. CO.
253
PENROSE v. PACIFIC MDT. LIFE INS. CO. OF CALIFORNIA. (Circuit Court, D. Montana. No. 251. November 19, 1894.)
1.
PLEADING-ExHIBIT ANNEXED TO COMPI,AINT.
Annexing to a complaint, as an exhibit, a copy of a contract sued upon, and referring to the same in the complaint, does not take the place of positive allegations of the terms of such contract, according to their legal effect or in haec verba.
2. SAME. P. sued an insurance company upon a polley of insurance, alleging that said company had agreed to pay to plaintiff $5,000 in case of the death of her husband from "violent injUries," and that her said husband had died in consequence of "violent injuries." A copy of the policy was annexed to the complaint, as an exhibit, by which it appeared that the insurance was against "violent and accidental injuries." Held, that the exhibit could not be taken as. adding allegations to the complaint, and since. excluding the exhibit. the complaint stated a complete cause of action. it was not demurrable.
This was an action by E. A. Penrose against the Pacific Mutual Life Insurance Company of California upon a policy of insurance. Defendant demurred to the complaint. George Haldorn, for plaintiff. Thos. C. Bach, for defendant. KNOWLES, District Judge. This is an action on what is termed an "accident policy." The complaint contained this allegation: "That, under the terms of said policy of insurance, defendant agreed that In case W. J. Penrose did, during the continuance of said policy, sustain such violent injuries, which alone should cause his death within ninety days from the time of the happening of such accident, then the said defendant should pay to the plaintiff, if surviving. the sum of five thousand dollars; that the said W. J. Penrose did during the continuance of said policy sustain such violent injury, which caused his death within ninety days from the happening thereof; and .that defendant had due notice and proof thereof, as required by the terms of said policy."
Plaintiff made the policy of insurance an exhibit and part of the complaint. In looking at the policy of insurance, I find therein, after stating the amount for which said W. J. Penrose was insUl'ed, this: "The said sum to be paid to Mrs. E. A. Penrose. wife, if surviVing (if dead, to the legal representatives of the insured), after due notice and satisfactory proof that the insured has, during the continuance of this policy, sustained such violent and accidental injuries as shall externally be visible upon his person, and which alone shall have caused his death within ninety days from the happening of such accident."
Defendant demurred to the complaint, for the reason that the same did not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action. If the policy was as stated in the allegations of the complaint, I do not see but it states a cause of action. The trouble is, not that it does not state a cause of action, but that plaintiff in her complaint has not stated the contract of insurance correctly. It is not the same contract set forth in the exhibit.