BOYLE
V. GREAT NORTHERN BY. CO.
539
BOYLE v. GREAT NORTHERN RY. CO. et 01.
(Circuit Court, D. Washington,E. D. September 17, 1894.) SECURITY FOR COSTS. - AFFIDAVIT FOR LEAVE TO PROSECUTE IN FORMA PAUPERIS-SUFFICIENCY.
27 Stat. 252, c.209, provides that any citizen entitled to commence any action in any United States court who is unable to prepay fells or give security for costs may have process, and all rights of other litigants, and counsel, free of charge, by making a sworn statement in writing showing such facts. Held, that .such sworn statement must show that plaintiff is a citizen, and that there is no person interested who is able to payor secure the costs.
At Law. Action to recover damages for a personal injury caused by negligence. Heard on motion to require plaintiff to give security for costs, and counter motion by the plaintiff for leave to prose.cute this action in forma pauperis. W. H. Plummer, for plaintiff. Jay H. Adams, for defendants. HANFORD, District Judge (oraUy). By an act of congress approved July 20, 1892, any citizen of the United States entitled to commence any suit or action in any court of the United States who is unable, by reason of poverty, to prepay fees or give security for costs, may have process and all the rights of other litigants, and may have counsel assigned to represent him, free of charge, by making a sworn statement in writing showing the above facts, and that he believes himself to be entitled to redress by such suit or action. 27 Stat. 252, c. 209.. I consider the affidavit upon which the plaintiff asks for leave to prosecute this action asa poor person insufficient, for two reasons: First, it does not show that the plaintiff is a citizen of the United States; and, secondly, it does not controYert the defendants' charge that plaintiff's attorneys have undertaken to conduct the case for a contingent fee. There is no question but what a poor person can prosecute his cause and obtain a full hearing, but at the same time litigation is not to be fostered and encouraged by allowing the plaintiff to evade any expense which he makes. That is a duty of any party haYing sufficient means, and is not to be evaded. If he is not able to pay costs or give security for them, he can have justice without it. But a persol1 who acquires by contract an interest in any litigation, .and a right to share· in the fruits of a recoyery, and who is not entitled to sue in forma pauperis, cannot be permitted, under coyer of the name of a party who is a poor person, to use judicial process and litigate at the expense of other people. I think it does make a difference whether the plaintiff has made a contract with his counsel for their compensation. It makes this difference: that, after a contract has been made with counsel for a pecuniary interest in a lawsuit, the case is carried on partially for their benefit; and, if they are able to pay the expenses of the litigation, it is
540
FEDERAL REPORTER,
vol. 63.
unjust for the court to allow the litigation. to go on for their benefit without expense, on the pretense that the plaintiff is unable to a showing t4at the plaintiff is unable to pay. I shall payor secure the costs, arid that there is no person interested, by 'contract or otherwise, in the cause 'of action, or entitled to share in . therecovery, who is able to pay the costs. I think that such a keeping with ,t4e meaning and spirit of this law, and it is :toiInded in reason. I have had lawsuits tried before me in this. conrt.room, to recover damages against I'ailroadcorporations, resulpng in J;lonsuits, 'which were conducted by attorneys who took up the causes after other attorneys here in Spokl;me, finding the facts insufficient to constitute a cause of action, had refused to appear for the plaintiffs. Such cases make expense, and are burdensome to the people,and there is no motive for bringing them except the hope that, by harassing the railroads, they will be compelled to compromise. That class of litigation must be discouraged. There must be some check to it. The plaintiff ought to be subjected to pay at least the costs of the litigation. If he is not able to pay a lawyer to carry it on tor him, and contracts to divide.wit)! his attorney, I think the attorney should be made to pay. This Inrtch of a check on litigation undertaken for contingent fees 'is reasonable and right The order I make is that the plaintiff,within 10 days, file security for costs, or show cause for not doing so; and, until security is given or cause shown, further . proceedings in this cause will be stayed. Application for leave to sue in .forma pauperis is denied, with leave to renew upon making a further showing. OONSOLIDATED WYOMING GOLD MIN. 00. v. CHAMPION MIN. 00. (Oircuit Court, N. D. California. 1. MINING VEINS.
August 13, 1894.)
To constitute a vein it Is not necessary that there be a clean fissure, filled with mineral, as it may exist when filied in places with other matter, but the fissure must have form, and be well-defined, with hanging and foot walls.
2.
SAME-UNION OF VEINS-EVIDENCE.
On the question of whether two veins unite in disputed ground it may be shown that their directions outside of as well as within the disputed ground are such tha.t, it continuous, they would meet.
8.
SAME...,.ExTRALATERAL RIGHTS.
Where a vein enters an end line of a claim, and continues nenrly parallel with the sidelines for the greater part of the length of the claim, the' owner of the claim is not deprived of the extralateral rights attached to the 'Vein, under St. 1872 (Rev. St. § 2322), because the 'VeIn crosses a side line before reaching the other end line, but his extralateral rIghts will extend from the end at which the vein enters to the point at which it crosses the sIde line. Under St. 1872 (Rev. St. § 2322), giving a locator the right to all veins throughout their entire depth, the apexes of whIch lie wIthin the surface lines of his claim. though in their course downwnrd they extend outside
4.
SAME-BURDEN OF PROOF.