GOLDBERG V. UNITED STATES.
91
the sheriff of any county of the' state, and issued by a judge having jurisdiction. The undisputed proof shows that the warrant for the arrest of the plaintiff was delivered by the judge issuing the same to Clinkscales, who was sheriff, and'. who executed the warrant. When the warrant was delivered to the sheriff of Smith county, he crossed the county line into Rusk county, and arrested the plaintiff, and brought him by way of Ft. Worth to Smith county, where he was subsequently indicted and held for trial, The only trespass, therefore, of which the plaintiff could in any view complain was the act of the sheriff in arresting him outside of his bailiwick, and in carrying the plaintiff to Ft. Worth. Carrying the plaintiff to Ft. Worth for' the purpose of confronting' him with Powers, then and there in the hospital, was in the interest of justice, and in the interest of the plaintiff himself, if he was innocent; for which it does not appear that the defendants can in any way be held responsible. As to the second cause of action, the authorities are well settled that the question of probable cause in an action for malicious prosecution is one of law, to be determined by the court. Stewart v. Sonneborn, 98 U. S. 187, and cases there cited. The finding of an indictment by the grand jury, and the conviction by a petit jury on such indictment, although a new trial was thereafter granted, was prima facie evidence of the existence of probable cause, and, in the absence of countervailing evidence, warranted the court in giving the instruction to find for the defendants upon that ground. Cooley, Torts, 214; Whitney v. Peckham, 15 Mass. 243; Bacon v. Towne, 4 Cush. 217; Cloon v. Gerry, 13 Gray, 201; Hil, Torts, 457. The indictment by the grand jury and the conviction by the petit jury were admitted by the plaintiff; and while, in his petition, he charges that the same were procured by improper means, and upon false evidence, he offers not a particle of proof to show the same. The judgment of the circuit court is affirmed.
GOLDBERG et al. v. UNITED STATES. (Circuit Court of Appeals. Second Circuit. CuSTOMS DUTIES-CI,ASSIFICATION-",TET TRIMMINGS,"
April 19, 1894.)
Hat trimmings and ornaments composed of black glass and wire, the glass being the component of chief value, and made in imitation of jet, are dutiable, under the act of October 1, 1890, at 60 per cent., as "manufactures of glass" (paragraph 108); 'aud the fact that they are commercially known as '''jet trimmings" and "jet goods" does not authorize their classification as "manufactures of jet" (paragraph 459). 56 I!'ed. 818, affirmed.
Appeal by Goldberg & Co. from the decision of the circuit court for the southern district of New York, which affirmed the decision of the board of general appraisers as to the classification of sundry importations of hat trimmings and ornaments. Edwin B. Smith, for appellants. James T. Van Rensselaer, Asst. U. S. Dist. Atty. Before WALLACE and SHIPMAN, Circuit Judges.
p2
FEDERAL ;REPORTER,
vol. 61.
, .SHIPMAN, Circuit Judge. Ip, ,the years 1891 1892. the appellants imported into tbeport of,N!,!w York sundry invoices of ar"manufactures of jet," which were hat trimmings and composed of ,b'ackglal!!s and wire; the glass being the of chief value, and made in, imitation of jet. 'ilila w,ell-knowna,:tj,<;le, and is to be "a variety of ligo:f a very compact texture, .and velvet-black color, susceptible Wit good polish, and·9ften wrought into toys, buttons, mourning the like." 1884. The most important jet veips. are said, by the, authorities upon thesu.bject, to be near in The collector classified the merchan4,lse as manufactures of glass, and dutiable at 60 per cent. ad ,under paragraph 108 of the tariff aqt of October 1, 1890. The pal't of, the paragraph which is importllJlt in this case is as followl;J: , manufactures of glass, or of which glass be the component material,of cl;lietvalue, Dot specially provided for in .this act, sixty per I centum; advaIorem.",
The ',importers protested against this ,classi6cation, upon the grouhd that the goods were dutiable. under the provisions of paragraph the sameact,which is al;J'foliows: , "Manufactures of alabaster, ... ... ... jet, ... ...... 'or of which these substances, ,or either of them, is the component material of chief value, not speclallyprovlded for in this act, twenty-five per centum ad valorem."
'1'he' of faet in before the board related to the' commercial designation of the articles. The witnesses upon the opppsite sides of this controversy:, respectively, testified that they were ()Ommerciallyk;nown as. "jet goods, jet ornaments, and jet or that they were kno:wn in trade as "imitation jet goods." The board, without considerfng the preponderance of evidence, found that "the merchandise U! commercially known as 'jet and imitation jet articles,' ,j and further found that they were manufactures of glass, and were not manufactures of jet, and affirmed the action of the collector. The circuit court sustained the decision of the board. , The appellants ins.ist that the testimony clearly shows that the articles in question were universally known in trade and commerce at and prior to October 1, 1890, the date when the act imposing the duty was passed, as "jet goods," or "jet and we are of opinion that they were thus generally so styled in the language' of commerce.' Weare also of opinion, however, that this fact does not control the proper classification of these articles, in view of the other provisions respecting jet and its manufactures in the existing tariff act andits predecessors. Unmanufactured jet is upon the, free list of the tariff act of October 1, 1890 (paragraph 620), and has been free of duty since the tariff act of July 14, 1870. The jet of the free list is obviously a real jet, and not the black glass from which the dress or hat in question are made. The existing act makes dutiable manufactures of jet, and in so doing has changed the phraseology of the pre-existing' tariff act of March 3, 1883, which imposed a duty upon "jet, manufactures and imitations of." The same provision was, contained in the Revised Stat-
BRITTON V. WHITE MANUlf'G CO.
·
93
utes, and first appeared in the tariff act of July 30, 1846. Thus, in the act of October 1, 1890, the provision which had long previously existed in regard to manufactures of imitations of jet was dropped, and manufactures of jet were left specifically provided for. This history enforces the correctness of Judge Lacombe's conclusion in the circuit court that "the unmanufactured jet of paragraph 620 in the tariff act of 1890 is the material out of which the manufactures of jet provided for in paragraph 459 of the same act are made." Congress had known since 1846 that there were manufactures of imitations of jet, and had made them dutiable by name. In 1890 it omitted to specify this class of manufactures. It retained a duty upon manufllctures of jet, and in so doing it used the word "jet" with the meaning that it had had in the tariff acts for a series of years. Inasmuch as unmanufactured jet and manufactures of that substance are specially provided for, it creates a severe strain upon the principle of commercial designation to infer that beads and trimmings called "jet millinery," but made of glass, which is not commercially jet, should be classified as manufactures of jet. It is true that there was scattering testimony that the black glass, before. it was manufactured into ornaments, was called "jet," but it was insufficient to establish such commercial name. As the conclusion is succinctly stated in the appellee's brief, "If an article is a manufacture of glass, it cannot be changed into a manufacture of jet simply because the trade has come to call certain black glass trimmings and ornaments by the name of 'jet.'" The principle of commercial designation does not justify such a result. The decision of the circuit court is affirmed. BRITTON et al. v. WIDTE MANUF'G CO. (Circuit Court, D. Connecticut. No. 709. I. PATENTs-I,nUTATION OF CLAIMS.
April 16, 1894.)
Statements of counsel to the patent office of mere reasons why It Is desirable to have claims allowed in a particular form do not estop the patentee from claiming what is clearly granted by the patent. In a patent for a design for coach lamps, consisting of a tulip conventionalized in form, it is proper to allow separate claims for the upper and lower parts, and a third claim for the entire design. I A drawing exhibited in a mere trade circular, unaccompanied by any evidence that it was ever actually published, or intended for general use, or accessible to the public, is not admissible as a printed publication for the purpose of showing anticipation. I
2.
SAME-DESIGNS-FoRM OF CLAIMS.
8.
SAME-ANTICIPATION AND PRIOR ART-EvIDENCE-" PUBLICATIONS. "
4.
SAME.
A pamphlet purporting to be a number of a coachmaker's magazine, printed for general circulation, bound up with other numbers for the same year, and containing references to advertisements, with terms therefor, is prima facie a publication, within the meaning of the patent law.
G.
SAME-EXHIBIT OF DRAWINGS-ABSENCE OF DESCInPTTON.
Drawings exhibited for the purpose of showing anticipation of a design patent are not rendered irrelevant by the fact that they are unaccom-