DORMITZER
V.
ILIJINOIS
&
ST. LOUIS BRIDGE
00.
parties to these suits for want of jurisdiction of the court over them, the demurrers must be sustained and the bills dismissed without prejudice. Ordered accordingly.
DORMITZEB and others 'l1. ILLINOIS & ST. LoursBRIDGB COMPANY and others. (Oircuit Oourt, D. Massachusetts. January 29, 1881.) 1. CmcUIT COURT-JURISDICTION.
A circuit court has no jurisdiction of a civil action between or- , dinary parties, either originally or by removal, if any of the necessary to the controversy on opposite sides are citizens of the same state. 2. NECESSARY PARTY-CORPORATION.
A corporation is a necessary party to a Buit for collecting moneys due for unpaid assessments of its stock, or for capital once paid in, but afterwards improperly divided. S. CIRCUIT CouRT-JURISDlc;'roN.
A circuit court cannot entertain a suit where a party, whose legal presence in the proceeding is necessary, cannot be subjected to ita jurisdiction, 4. SAME-ATTACHMENT,
A circuit court cannot attach the property of an absent defendant, unless he is an inhabitant of the district where the suit is brought.[ED.
In Equity. Demurrer. Warren tt Bt'andeis, for complainants. Russell J; Putnam and Edwin H. Abbott, for defendants. LOWELL, C. J. Of the points so ably and thoroughly argued I shall concern myself with but one. It is generally understood to be settled by l'he Removal Cases, 100 U. S. 457, and Pacific R. Go. v. Ketchum, 101 U. S. 289, that under the statute of 1875, as well as under former acts, circuit courts of the United States have no jurisdiction of a civil action between ordinary parties, whether originally or by removal, if any of the necessary parties to the controversy on opposite sides are citizens of the same state. It may be said that this
218
FEDERAL REPORTER.
point is not necessary to the decision of'those cases; hut the whole discussion, and the distinctions taken in them, were unnecessary unless the law was so; and it is so announced by the chief justice. Before .these decisions were published I had occasion to examine the question, and came to the conclusion that, within the reasoning of the case of The Sewing Machine Companies, 18 Wall. 553, and of earlier Amory, cases, this m:o.st be the construction. Tremain ;):une, 1879 (MSS.) and see Donahoe v. Mariposa Co. 5 163; Rttckman v. Palisa,de Co. 1 FED. REP. 367; Bailey v. N. Y. Sav. Bank, 2 FED. REP. 14:; Ruble v. Hyde, 3 FED. REP. 330. . ' ." . It unfortunately is the case that congress has not seen fit to entrust the circuit courts with power to proceed by attachmEmt of property against an absEmtdefendant unless he is an inhabitant of the district where the B,uit is brought. Toland v. Sprague, 12 Pet. 300. A recent statute gives these courts jurisdiction to enforce a lien upou or claim to, or remove an encumbrance or lien or cloud upon the title to, real or persona,l property within the district, thonghthe defendants, or some of them, may not be either inhabitants thereof or found therein, first giving notice to the absent defendants. St. 1875, c. 137, § 8; 18 St. 472. But this means a lien or title existing anterior to the suit, and not one caused by the institution of the suit itself. These courts. therefore, have a very limited jurisdiction by foreign attachment: an important process, which derives its very name from the absence of the defendant, and which the state courts make use of with advantage to plaintiffs and without injustice to defendants. If, then, a corporation is a neoessary party to a suit for collecting moneys due for unpaid assessments of its stock, or, which is very similar, for capital once paid in, but·afterwards improperly divided, this bridge company, which is incorporated by the state of Missouri, of which state the plaintiff is a citizen, cannot be summoned in as a defendant in the district of Massachusetts. Under the two recent decisions first above cited, the company, if it could be brought before the court in some way,
DomrnZER V. ILLINOIS
&;
ST. Lours BRIDGE co.
219
might, by its pleading, or its conduct, show that there. was 'no actual controversy between it and the plaintiff, andthen the court would not lose. its jurisdiction. But it is not here, and cannot be required to come here. That a cor:por:ation is a necessary party to such a suit was decided by Judge Nelson, in this court, in September, 1879, (First Na,t. Bank of Hannibal v. Smith, supra, 215 j) and this bill, in effe(.lt, asks for a review of that decision. The present proceeding is a creditor's bill to enforce a sort of equitable garnishment. Now, I have never seen a of a creditor's bill, or a garnishment, when brought under the ordinary practice of either law or equity, in which the principal debtor was not made a party defendant when it was possible. Of course, the defendant may be absent, or out of reach j and, as I said before, one of the most important uses of a garnishment is to apply the property of an absent debtor to the payment of his debts within the territorial jurisdiction of the by which the courts court j but the usages or the work out this result give them a jurisdiction in rem which the statutes of the United States deny to the circuit courts, in suits at law or in equity, excepting as above mentioned. This distinction must be kept in mind in examining the cases. In a court of general jurisdiction, the presence of the debtor is admitted to be necessary, but an artificial or constructive presence, or a supposed contumacy, is substituted for actual presence; and this is what the circuit courts cannot effect. The corporation is a necessary party, actual or constructive, because it will not else be bound by the decree, and the other defendants may be twice vexed. It has also the right to show that the judgments against it have been satisfied, or that it has the means for satisfying them without further assessment. As a rule in equity it may be stated more broadly that the suit is one which, if the allegations of the bill are true, the corporation was bound to institute; and if it fails to do so, it is a necessary party on one side or the other of the suit, in order that its rights in its own assets may be properly cared for. See Cunningham v. Pell, 5 Paige,
220
607; Spear v. Grant, 16 Mass. 9; Wood v. Dummer, 3 Mason, 308; Davenport v. DOW8, 18 Wall. 626; Lyman v. Bonney, 101 Mass. 562; Dee1fteld v. Nims, 110 Mass. 115; Mann v. Pentz, 8 N. Y.422. The three cases cited by the plaintiff were all decided under a code which expressly makes it discretionaty with the judge to order notice to the principal defendant or not. The only possible question, therefore, was of the constitutionality of the statute. Gibson v. Haggerty, 37 N. Y. 555; Bishop v. Garcia, 14 Abb. Pro (N. S.) 70; Lynch v. Johnson, 48 N. Y. 27. The case of Hatch v. Dana, 101 U. S. 205, did not turn upon this point. It appears that the corporation was made a party and afterwards dropped; but no question was raised about it. The corporation may have made no issue with the plaintiff, or all parties may have agreed to the dismissal. The question argued and decided was whether all stockholders must be parties. I cannot see how it is possible, consistently with the decisions and the uniform practice, to decide this case in the absence of the corporation. If it had been actually dissolved, the case might be different. There are allegations which come as near to that as truth will permit, I suppose: that it has ceased to do business; that its bridge has been sold under a foreclosure; and that it is defunct "to all intents and purposes." I do not understand this to mean that it is no longer capable of suing and being sued, but that it is dead for all useful purposes as a bridge-owner. If it remains subject to process, the facts alleged appear to be immateria-I. I infer, from the facts whioh are stated, that it is se liable at present. Demurrer sustained.
8T. LOUIS V.
THE KNAPP, STOUT
CO. COMPANY.
221
CITY
OF
ST. LOUIS v. THE KNAPP, STOUT & CO. COMPANY. (Circuit Court, E. D. Missouri. --,1881.)
A court of equity will not enjoin the erection of a runaway for logs, upon the ground that it will divert th'1 course of a navigahle river, unless it appears that the threatened structure will be a nuisance per 8e. 2. NUISANCE-RIVER.
A structure in the channel of a river will not nece88arily be held subject to abatement as a nuisance. Pennsylvania v. Wheeling Bridge 00. ]3 How. 1i18. 3. INJUNCTION-NUISANCE-PARTY TO BILL.
It seems to be well settled· that a bill in equity to enjoin or abate 8 public nuisance must be filed by one who has sustained, or is in danger of sustaining, special damages.-[Eo.
On Demurrer to Bill. Leverett Bell, for plaintiff. George M. Stewart and C. H. Krum, for defendant. MCCRARY, C. J. The bill avers that the eastern boundary of the city of St. Louis is and always has been the middle of the main channel of the Mississippi river, and that complainant is the proprietor of the bed of the river within the city limits, and that by its charter the complainant is authorized to construct all needful improvements in the harbor, to CODtrol, guide, or deflect the current of the river, and to erect, repair, and regulate public wharves and docks; that by proper ordinance the lines of the wharf have been laid down and established upon a certain piece of real estate in the northern part of the city, particularly described in the bill. It is further averred that defendant is erecting a saw-mill on its property, and that, for the purposes of hauling logs from the river into its mill, the defendant is erecting a runway for logs, which will extend some hundred feet from the western edge of the water of the river, and is driving piles, as a foundation for the runway, into the bed of the river east of the eastern line of the wharf as established by the city under the ordinance aforesaid; that north and south of the defend-