150
FEDE8AL REPORTE8.
SOHMEIDER
and others v.
BARNEY.
(Oircuit Oourt, 8. D. NeIW York.
March 12, 1880.)
1.
IMPORTS-APPRAISEP VALUE-PENAL Du'l'Y.
If an invoice of imported goods comprises several items of the SRmekind Rnd description, and one or more items are found to have been undervalued, the penal duty will be imposed upon all the items of the same kind and description, if the appraised value (;;xceeds by 10 per cent. the aggregate entered value of such items.
2.
SAME-LADffiS' DRESS ·GooDS-CLASSIFJCATION.
Ladies'dress goods do not constitute items of the same kind, within this rule. where they differ so much in price, figures, and arrangement of colors as to be classified and known to the trade bydifl'erent names. S. SAME-CoRnEcTED INVOICE-VALUATION.
The valuation of such importations should be made on the corrected invoice, received and accepted by the cullector LJefore the appraisement 9£ the goods.-:"'[ED. .
Almond W. Griswold, for plaintiffs. Thomas Greenwood, ASB't U.S. Att'y, for defendant. , SHIPMAN, D. J. In this case a verdict was directed for the plaintiffs, subject to the opinion of the court upon the questions of law which are involved. I ha.d intended to give the facts at length, but am not able to devote the necessary time to that labor. There were 16 cases of 'Worsted, and worsted and cotton, 'goods in the invoice. The goods were of six different styles, each style being. distinguished by its peculiar name, such as Latona or Parthenia, and each class had its own value. I suppose that all the goods were ladies' dress goods.. The corrected invoice was made and received before any appraisal} and was accepted by the collector as the true in· voice'" who alaoamended the plaintiffs' original entry to correspond with the corrected invoice. The appraisers did not advanGle ell.-ses 2007 and; 2014, containing goods called Titania, above the corrected invoice, and no additional duty was levied upon these cases. The advance upon each of the other 14 cases was 10 per centum above the value of that stated in the original invoice, but was not 10 per centum
SCHMF.I,DER V. BARNEY.
151
1\.bove the value stated in the corrected invoice in the fi,ve containing and Valerias. The aggregate adV<1nce by the on the whole invoice was mO,re t..h,an 10 per centum above the aggregate valuation in the original, as well as in the corrected, invoice. An additional <luty of 20 per cent. was levied upon all the goods, except upon cases 2007 and 2014. The duty was levied the second section of the act of March 3, 1857, (11 St. at Large, 199.) 1. The valuation of the importations was properly made on the corrected invoice. Howland v. Maxwell,' 3 BIatchf. 147. 2. There not having been an increase of 10 per cent. above the valuation, as declared on the entry of the Parthenias and Valerias, the penalty of 20 per cent. was not properly levied upon these goods. I think that article 488 of the treasury regulations contains the true rule: "When the invoice comprises articles, ahd any' one of them is undervalued 10 per cent. or more', the additional duty will attach on such article without regard to the result of the appraisal of the other articles, except where an invoice comprises several items of the same and description of goods, and one or more items are found to be overvalued" to the extent mentioned, but without bringing the aggregate value of the importations to a'surn"greater, by 10 per cent, than the entered value." I understand the rule to be, if an invoice 'comprises several items of the same kind and description of one or more items are found to have been un4ervalued, the penal duty will be imposed upon all the items of the same kind 'and description, if the l!'Ppraised value exceeds by 10 per cent.' the entered value of such All these goods were of the same general materials, and were used for the same purpose, but they were 'of' different kinds and descriptions; that is to say, they of such dif· ferent style and character as to be classified, 1?y different trade names. The mere facts, that the goods varied in 'prices, or were of different figures or arrangement of colors,wdtildnot· make them of different descriptiollS; 'hut the fact that the
159
FEDERAL REPORTER.
goods varied in these characteristics so much as to be classi. fied and to be known in the trade by different names, is significant of the difference in the character and description of the goods. There was no dispute upon the facts. Neither party asked to go to the jury, but each claimed that it was entitled to a direction as matter of law. Let judgment be entered upon the verdict.
UNITED STATES
fi.
WATKINDS.
(Oircuit Oourt, IJ. Oregon.
March 11, 1881.)
lNDICTMENT-KNOWINGLY.
An indictment for voting without having a lawful right to vote, contrary to section 5511, Rev. St., should contain an allegation that the defendant" knowingly" so voted, even if the possession of such knowledge by him is a mere question of law. 2. CONVICTION OF ELECTOR. CRIME FORFEITURE OF 'rHE PRIVILEGE OF AN
The constitution of the state of Oregon (article 2, 3) declares that " the privilege of an elector shall be forfeited by a conviction of any crime which is punishable by imprisonment in the penitentiary. " The defendant was indicted for an assault with a dangerous weapon, con· trary to section 536 of the Oregon Criminal Code, which crime was thereby made punishable by fine or imprisonment in the jail or penitentiary, in the discretion of the court, to which accusation he pleaded guilty, and was sentenced to pay a fine of $200. Afterwards, on June 7,1880, the defendant voted for representative in congress at an election held in Madison precinct, Oregon. Held, (1) that the term II conviction," as used in the constitution of Oregon, supra, is used in its primary and ordinary sense, and signifies a proving or finding that the defendant is guilty, 'either by the verdict of a jury or his plea to that effect, and does not include the sentence which follows thereon; (2) that a crime" is pUnishable by" imprisonment in the penitentiary when by any law it may be so punished, and the fact that it also may be or is otherwise punished, does not change its grade or character in this respect; (3) that the defendant was convicted, by his plea of guilty, of a crime punishable by imprisonment in the penitentiary, and thereby forfeited his privilege as an elector under the constitution of Oregon; and (4) that, assuming the term" conviction" to include the sentence, still the defendant was convicted of a crime so punish-