562
FEDERA.L REPORTER,
vol. 59.
W'oi-d is used in the exclusion ,. lind that a; Chinese person in that business'is privileged to enter the United States the same as a merchant.· A restaurant keeper is a caterer, who keeps a place for serving mertls, and provides, prepares, and cooks raw materials to suit the tastes of his patrons. A person in that business is not a m.erchant; nor does he come within the definition of any of the terms used in the statutes to describe the class of Chinese who are privileged to enter the United States; and I hold that, to the word "laborer" in these statutes, meaIiingmust be given broad enough to inclUde. master mechanics and tradesmen, such as blacksmiths, cabinet makers, tailors,and shoemakers, who receive orders, and cut and make up materials in such forms and of such dimensions as their customers require. Those who, in following such callings, employjoul'lleymen, and perform no manual labor themselves, still repreSent· themselV'es to· be, and they are, in pOpular estimation, blacksmiths, cabinet makers, tailors, and shoemakers,-that is to say,skWedworkmen. All Chinese persons who follow such callings are barred from coming to the United States. I hold that a restaurant keeper belongs to the same class, and is likewise barred. The· application for a writ of habeas corpus is therefore denied.
UNITEDBTATES v. CAMFIELD et aI. (Circuit Court. D. Colorado. January 25, 1894.) No. 2,972.
1.
PUBLIC LANDS-UNLAWFUL INCLOSURES.
The inclosure of public lands by a, private corporation is unlawfui, under the act of February 25, 1885, without regard to the intent with which it Is done.
,2. SAME.
An inclosure by one owning odd sections is unlawful, even though the fence is so constructed as to be entirely on his own lands, if the result is to inclose therewith the even sections belonging to the government.
Proceeding against Daniel A. Camfield and William Drury for unlawfully inclosing public lands. Heard on exceptions to the answer. Sustained. All the odd-numbered sections in townships 7 and 8 N., range 63 W. of the sixth principal meridian, were purChased by the defendants from the Union Pacific Rallway Company. The lands were Incapable of successful cultivation without irrigation, as also were the adjoining lands, belonging to the United States. The defendants have' undertaken to build reservoirs, to be supplied from ,the neighboring stream, for the irrigation of their own landS and the adjacent even-numbered sections belonging to the government. The method which the defendants pursued to inclose the lands was to place a fence on their own-the odd-numbered-sections; along the lower line thereof, and dropping dowil about six inches, and continuing the line. of fence on the odd-numbered sections in the tier of sections next below on the upper line thereof, making a continuous fence except at intervals where the break of six inches occurs.
H. V. Johnson, U. S. Diet. Atty. H. E. Churchill, A. C. Patton, and James W. McCreery, for defendants. ' ,
UNITED STATES
v.
M'DONALD.
563
HALLETT, District Judge. The act of congress of February (23 Stat. 321,) declares that any inclosure of public lands made without claim or color of title shall be unlawful, and confers jurisdiction on federal courts to abate and remove, in a summary way, all fences erected contrary to the provisions of the act. In this bill the government seeks to enforce the act with respect to certain fences erected by respondents, inclosing government lands in townships 7 and 8 N., of range 63 W. of the sixth principal meridian, covering an area of 20,000 acres. It is charged in the bill that respondents, owning odd-numbered sections in these townships and other townships adjacent, have erected a fence on their own lands in such manner as to inclose the even-numbered sections in townships 7 and 8, belonging to the government. Respondents confess the fact to be as alleged, and say that the inclosure was made with a view to bring the lands under cultivation by building canals and reservoirs, from which they may be irrigated. As to respondents' intent we cannot inquire, for that is not, under this statute, a judicial question. If the fence is forbidden by statute, we are not at liberty to inquire with what intent it was built; and obviously the case is within the statute, which declares "that all inclosures of public lands" shall be unlawful, without reference to whether the fence constituting the inclosure shall be on public or private lands. The circumstance that respondents have put their fence on their own lands is of no weight against the fact that the fence makes an inclosure of public lands. Often, in this circuit, the statute has been declared to have this effect, and some of the cases are found in tIle reports. U. S. v. Brighton Ranch Co., 25 Fed. 465, 26 Fed. 218; Li. S. v. Cleveland & Colo. Cattle Co., 33 Fed. 323. Respondents rely on two cases which seem to support the answer, but they cannot l)e accepted in this court: U. S. v. Douglas-WilIan, Sartoris Co., 3 Wyo. 288, 22 Pac. 92; U. S. v. Brandestein, 32 Fed. 738. The exceptions to the answer will be sustained..
UNITED STATES v. McDONALD et at (Dlstxlct Court, N. D. Illinois. August 22, 1893.) POST OFFICE-NoNMAII,ABLE MATTER-LoTTERIES-BoND INVESTMENT SCHEMES.
A bond investment scheme, according to which only a limited few, who are determined by the order in which their applications are received, are certain to receive a .return, and the rest are dependent for any return, and for the time thereof, upon the probability that the great majority will permit their bonds to lapse, Is a scheme in which the prize is dependent on chance, and constitutes a "lottery," which It Is criminal to advertise through the mails.
At Law. Indictment of George M. McDonald and others, officers of the Guarantee Inve1'ltment Company, for violation of the lottery act of September 19, 1890, (26 Stat. 465.) Thos. E. Milchrist, U. S. Dist. Atty. Collins, Goodrich, Darrow & Vincent, and L. S. Metcalf, for defendants.