BUNDY MANUF'G CO. V. COLUMBIAN TIMJj;-RECORDER CO.
Now, in dealing with the question of infringement here involved, it is to be borne in mind that in the preparation of pepsin as an article of pharmacy Jensen was by no means a pioneer. Its extraction from the stomachs of animals by mincing the mucous membranes and producing artificial digestion thereof under the action of diluted acid and heat, was old and well known, as appears from Foster's Physiology, published in 1877, and as, indeed, may be inferred from the recital in Jensen's own patent. Neither was Jensen the first to prepare the article in the form of scales produced by evaporation to dryness of the peptic solution. The evidence fully justifies the conclusion that Jensen's patented process will not make the defendant's pepsin. This is shown by Prof. Chittenden's experiments, to which he testifies. I discover nothing in the proofs to discredit his tests. Then, again, the Jensen patent itself fixes the digestive power of the product at 1 to 700 only. Here, too, the testimony of the plaintiff's witness William H. Ball is important. He has been in the plaintiff's service since the middle of the year 1890, and fully understands the process it employs. He says that when he first became connected with the plaintiff oompany the digestive power of the pepsin then made by it was 1 to 600, but that at the time he testified (February, 1892,) the digestive power of the pepsin the plaintiff was then producing was 1 to 1,800. He was asked to describe the process by which the plaintiff then manufactured its pepsin, but declined to do so. The inference is irresistible that Jensen's patented process will not produce a pepsin having the digestive power of that sold by the defendant, and that the plaintiff is employing other and secret means to secure such result. Taking the proofs as a whole, it is clear to me that they fail to make out the charge of infringement; and therefore, without passing npon the other defenses, the bill of complaint will be dismissed. Let a decree be drawn dismissing the bill, with costs.
BUNDY MANUF'G CO. v. COLUMBIAN TIME-RECORDER CO.
(Circuit Court, S. D. New York.
January 4, 1894.)
The Bundy patent, No. 482,293, for a workmen's time recorder, in which the impression platen is operated by a check in the hands of the workman, is not infringed by a machine in which the platen is op.trated by clockwork previously wound up.
TI1lt:E RECORDER.
In Equity. Suit by the Bundy Manufacturing Company against the Columbian Time-Recorder Company for infringement of a patent. Bill dismissed. C. W. Smith, for orator. Alen D. Kenyon, for defendant. WHEELER, DiS'l:rict Jndge. This suit is brought for alleged infringement of letters patent No. 482,293, dated September 3, 1892, and granted to the orator, as assignee of William L.Bundy, for a
lI'EDEltAL REPORTER,
vol. 59.
workman's;tfme recorder. In these machines, time wheell1l, with dates to 4001'8.' and minutes in type on their faces, are' moved by clockwork sO.as to present these dates synchronously with the clock to an impression platen moving on a rock shaft set in motion by a check onwhieh the workman's number is placed in type sent down a chute, in which it is stopped near the time wheels; and this num· ber and the time al'e there printed froID the type on a strip of paper passed along under. a ribbon by a blow from the platen, and the check is then released,and dropped into a receptacle below. Thus the time of inserting the check for beginning or quitting work by the workman represented by the number 'on the check is correctly recorded and kept on the strip of paper. Machinel1l for recording the time of workmen by printing from types on the faces of time wheels on the turning of cranks or keys existed before this invention. By the method of the orator's patent, the check, when inserted by force of the workman, moves a lever, which is connected by a rod to a crank arm on the rock shaft, and moves the platen away from the faces of thetime'wheels against the force of a sPring, to where it is held until the check in falling strikes another lever extending into the chute, and releases .the platen, which, by force of the spring and its own weight, is brought back, and prints the number of the check and the time on the strip of paper. Five cI3im.s are alleged: to be infringed, which are for: i «(1) In a workman's time recorder, a check, tn combination with a check chute, a lever projecting Into it, a rod connected to said lever, a rock shatt, and a crank arm thereon, to which said rod is connected. "(2) In a workman's time recorder, a check, in combination with a check chute, a lever projecting into it, a rod connected to said lever, a rock shaft, a crank arm thereon, to which said rod is connected, and an impression platen mounted upon an arm secured to said rock shaft" "(5) The combination, with the impression platen, of a rock shaft, to which it is connected, and means to rotate said crank shaft, actuated by the insertion of a check tnto the check chute." "(13) In a workman's time recorder, a .clock, time wheels synchronaus therewith, a rock shaft, and an impression platen connected thereto and actuated thereby, in combination with a checlt chute, a rod connected to said rock shaft, a lever connected to said rod and prajecting into the check chute, and a check operatively engaging With said lever to rotate said shaft when inserted into sald .chute. "(14) In a workman's time recorder, a check, a check chute, and a sliding stop, holding the check upon the printing line, in combination with an impression platen. thrown away from the chute by the inl*'rtion of the check into the chute, and an arm upon the platen engaging said stop to release said check at the same moment that the impression blow is given by the platen."
In the defendant's machine the impression platen is moved on a rock lever to strike its blow by clockwork separate from the time works, wound up and carried by a spring, and set in motion, at the right moment for printing the number and time, by the weight of the check falling upon a lever extending into the chute, and connected·with this clockwork. The first question made for the defendant is whether this is an infringement of any of these claims. These claims do not in themselves refer to the previous description of the parts'of the machine mentioned in tp.em, but they must be
WESTERN ELECTRIC CO. tI. Sl'ERRY ELECTRIC CO.
295
taken as, in effect, referring to the whole of tlie instrument in which they belong. Westinghouse v. Gardner, 2 Ban. & A. 55; Bruce v. Marder, 10 Fed. 750. In this view, the several elements of these claims are to be considered as parts of mechanism for bringing the impression platen into operation upon the types on the check and time wheels at the proper time. If the invention had been of a time recorder as a new thing containing these parts, the claims might cover all modes of so bringing the impression platen into operation; but, as it was not, they can cover only substantially thel;le means. Railway Co. v. Sayles, 97 U. S. 556. In the machine of the patent the impression platen is operated by the check in the hand of the workman; in the defendant's machine it is operated by the clockwork previously wound up. This substantial difference seems to run through the whole, and to take the defendant's mao chine out of the scope of all of these claims. In 'this view the several serious questions as to the validity of these claims need not be examined into. Bill dismissed for want of infringement. ;'1
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WESTERN ELECTRIC CO. v. SPERRY ELECTRIC CO. et al. (Circuit Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit. January 20, 1894.) No. 104; PATENTS-SUITS FOR INFRINGEMENT-CONFLICTING PATEN'I'S.
The owner of the junior of two conflicting patents is not obliged to obtain a cancellation of the senior patent by suit, under Rev. St. § 4918, before suing the senior patentee for infringement, since the question of infringement depends on priority of invention, and the remedy given by said section Is merely cumulative. Roll·Paper Co. v. Knopp, 44 Fed. 609, disapproved.
On rehearing. Denied. For report of decision on the original hearing of the appeal, see 58 Fed. 186. Before FULLER, Circuit Justice, and WOODS and JENKINS,Circuit Judges. WOODS, Circuit Judge. Upon questions already considered, the court is content with its opinion. The petition for a rehearing treats mainly of a proposition which was not presented either to this court or the court below. Indeed. it was not directly in issue, and, being of the nature of matter in abatement, perhaps could have been made an issue only by a special plea. It is claimed now that the question is before us because of the statement made by the court in its opinion, in respect to the question of infringement, that "the first claim of the Sperry patent, and other claims not quO'ted, are essentially the same as the first and second claims of the patent in suit." By this expression of a fact, which was obvious upon the face of the two patents, it is said this court has decided, and made it to appear for the first time. that "these are conflicting patents;" and, that being so, it is insisted that the holder of the patent last