818
FEDERAL REl:'OWfER,
vol. 56.
of the bark or enamel; and that the articles in suit having been advanced by various processes of manufacture, cutting, turning, sandpapering, varnishing, etc., had been taken out of the class or description of merchandise known to the trade as reeds.
Edward Mitchell, U. S. Atty., and James T. Van Rensselaer, Asst. U. S. Atty., for the collector and the United States. Stephen G. Clarke, for the importers. LACOMBE, Circuit Judge. In this case, I shall affirm the deci· sion of the board of appraisers, not upon the ground upon which they based their opinion, viz. that this is not a chair reed, but upon the return which they have made, that they are not reeds, commercially, under the statute. The testimony is somewhat con· flicting, but there is enough to sustain that finding. In re GOLDBERG et aL (Circuit Court, S. D. New York. June 21, 1893.) CUSTOMS DUTIEs-Cr,ASSIFICATION-JET TRIMMINGS.
Certain so-called "jet trimmings," being ornamental articles manufactured from black glass and iron, glass being the material of chief value, are properly dutiable as "manufactures of glass," at 60 per cent. ad valorem, under paragraph 108 of the tariff act of October 1, 1890, as classified by the collector of the port of New York, and not as "manufactures of jet," or of which jet is the component material of chief value, at 25 per cent. ad valorem, under paragraph 459 of the same tariff act, as claimed by the importers. Held, that the tariff act defined the meaning of "jet" as covering only the mineral substance of that name; especially with reference to Schedule N, :Tariff Ind., (paragraph 458 of the tariff' act of March 3, 1883,) which provided for "jet, manufactures and imitations of," the provision for imitations of jet being omitted in the act of 1890; and that congress used the word "jet" with the same meaning in the act of 1890 that it had in the act of 18S3, referring only to the mineral jet and manufactures thereof.
At Law. Appeal by the importers from a judgment of the board of general appraisers affirming the decision of the collector of the port of New York in the classification for customs duties of certain merchandise compospd of black glass and iroll, glass being the material of chief value, on which the collector levied duty as upon manufactures of glass at 60 per cent. ad valorem, under the provisions of Schedule B, par. 108, of the tariff act of October 1, 1890. The importers protested that the goods were manufactures of jet, or of which jet was the material of chief value, and that they were commercially known liS jet, and were dutiable only at 25 per cent. ad valorem, under Schedule N, par. 459, of said tariff act. Testimony was taken before the board of general appraisers, showing that the merchandise consisted of various patterns and shapes of trimmings or ornaments of black glass, and commercially known in trade as "jet" or "jet trimmings." 'l'here was also some evidence that the articles were known in trade as "imitation jet:' 'l'estimony was produced in behalf of the collector tellding to show that at the time of the passage of the tariff act there was a real jet known in trade and commerce, but only to a limited extent, and that this jet was the mineral lignite found principally near Whitby, England; that it was sold in the raw state, and also as made up into ornaments such as necklaces, etc. The board of appraisers found, in substance, that the merchandise was known commercially as "jet" lind "imitation jet;" that jet was a mineral substance; that the articles
IN RE FRITZSCHE.
819
In question were manufactures of glass, and were not manufactures ot jet. The board accordingly overruled the importers' protests, and the importers appealed to the circuit court. On the trial in that court it was urged by im· porters' counsel that all the testimony showed that the articles imported commercially known as jet or jet trimmings, although admittedly made of glass and iron, and consequently were within the statutory provision for mauufactUl'es of jet in paragraph 459 of the tariff act, according to the accepted rule that commercial designations govern in tariff classifications. On behalf of the collector and the United States it was Ul'ged that the tariff act had in itself defined the meaning of the word "jet" as used in the different provisions npplicable thereto; that the provision of the free list, par. 620 of the act of lSDO, "jet, unmanufactured," could refer only to the mineral jet, inasmuch as lumps or pieces of black glass, if not manufactured, could not be held to be unmanufactured jet, and that consequently the same meaning must be given to the provision for manufactures of jet ill paragraph 459, which must be held to be manufactures of the same article, namely, the genuine mineral jet. 'l'he distlict attorney cited in support of this cont('ntion the provision in Schedule N, Tariff Ind., (paragraph 458 of the act of 1883,) providing for "jet, manufactures and imitations of," especially in view of the fact that the provision for imitations of jet had been omitted in the tariff act of October 1, 18DO, so that articles which were in fact such imitations, but were made of glass, were relegated for duty to the appropriate pro· visions for manufactures of glass.
Edward Mitchell, U. S. Atty., and James T. Van Rensselaer, Asst. U. S. Atty., for the collector and the government. Stephen G. Clarke, for the importers. Circuit Judge. There seems to be a statutory meaning of the word "jet." Evidently the unmanufactured jet of paragraph 620 in the tariff act of 1890 is the material out of which the manufactures of jet provided for in paragraph 459 of the same act are made. This interpretation seems the only correct one, in view of the circumstance that the act of 1883 (paragraph 458) provided for manufactures of jet and for "imitations of jet." There can hardly be a doubt that congress used the word "jet" with the same meaning in the act of 1890 that it had in the act of 1883. I shall therefore affirm the decision of the board of appraisers. In re FIUTZSCHE et al. (Circuit Court, S. D. New York. June 27, 1893.) CuSTOMS DUTIES-CI,ASSTFICATION-CTTRAL-OJL OF LRMOY.
Citral, being a highly concentrated form of oil of lemon, from which nearly all the terpene elenwnts hnd been extra.cted, imported in glass bottles, and sold by the importers under the name of "citral," the preparation being chemically a highly concentrated and refined oil uf lemon, held, that It was properly free of dnty as lemon oil, or oil of lemon, undl'r paragraph 661 of the free list of the tariff act of October 1, 1890, and that it was not dutiable, as an essential oil, at 25 per cent. ad valorem, under paragraph 76 of Schedule A of same tariff act.
At Law. Appeal by the importers from a decision of the board of United States general appraisers affirming the decision of the collector of the port of New York in the classification for customs duties of certain "citral," which was classified by the said colll'etor as an "essential oil," at 25 per cent, ad valorem.