IN RE FOPPES.
817
the absence of anything to the contrary) that the articles wert> wrought by hand,-that is, as a whole,-but inasmuch as there is SlJfficipnt evidence, in the turning down of the seam, to warrant the conclusion that it was classified by the appraiser upon an interpretation of tht statute which. in his judgment, would require the classification of article!'! thus manipulated as to the hem as be· ing "wrought by hand," I do not think there is sufficient in that to warrant the finding that the article, as a whole, was wrought by hand. I shall therefore affirm the decision of the board of appraisers. In re FOPPES et al.
(Circult Court, S. D. New York.
June 28, 1893.)
CUSTOMS DUTIES-CLASsrFICATrON-MANUFACTUHES FROM HA'J'TANS AND REEDS.
Partly-manufactured whipstocks, fishing poles, and canes, being made from rattans and malacca, having the outer rind or enamel removed, and being tapered, turned, sandpapered, and varnished, are properly dutiable as "manufactures of wood," at 35 per cent. ad valorem, under l'aragraph 230, Schedule D, of the tariff act of October 1, 1890, and section 5 (the similitude clause) of that act, and not as "reeds manufactured from rat· tans or reeds," under paragraph 229 of said schedule and act, at 10 per cent. ad valorem. as claimed by the Importers.
At Law. Appeal by the importers from a decision of the board of United States general appraisers, affirming the decision of the collector of the port of New York In the classification for duty of certain goods, consistlng of partialI.y-manufac1ured whipstocks, fishing poles, and canes, classified for duty as "manufactures of ,vood," at 35 per cent. ad valorem, under paragraph 230 of the tariff ad of October 1, 1890, and section 5 (the similitude cbui:'e) of said act. The importera protested, claiming their goods to "reeds manufactured from rattmlS," and ([utiable at 10 per cent. ad valorem, under parl1graph 229 of said and act, Wllich provision is as follows: "229. Chair cane, or reeds wrought or manufactured fmm rattans or reeds. and whether round, square, or in any other shape, 10 per centum ad valorem." On appeal to the board of general appraisers that board overruled the protests of the importers, deciding that the goods were rattans for use as whip handles, fishing poles, etc, polished, varnished, turned, and otherwise manufactnred. As matter of law, the board found that the reeds described in paragraph 229 were chair reeds, and that the merchandise In the present case was not chair reeds. The importers having appealed the case into the circuit court, the board of general appraisers filed their return in that court as above; and an order having been ootained from the court by the United States attorney, requiring the board to malw a further return, that board did so, under the order of the court, finding that the merchandise was not in fad, or cOLUmcrdaIly, reeds of any kind. In the circuit court, testimony Wa>; taken on both sides which was somewhat contradictory, as to whether at the time of the passage of the tat1ff act of October 1, 1890, the articles in question were commercially known as reeds or whip reeds, etc.; the weight of evidence being produced in behalf of the collector, that the articles in question, being partially manufactured, were not known in trade and commerce by the name of "reeds" of any kind; that the "reeds" known to the trade were not the reeds of common speech, namely, hollow, jointed grasses, but were rattans or malacca growth, from which the outer bark or enamel had been removed, leaving a product either round, square, oval, or flat, according to the process, but never further finished than by the mere removal V. 56I<'. no. 10-52
818
FEDERAL REl:'OWfER,
vol. 56.
of the bark or enamel; and that the articles in suit having been advanced by various processes of manufacture, cutting, turning, sandpapering, varnishing, etc., had been taken out of the class or description of merchandise known to the trade as reeds.
Edward Mitchell, U. S. Atty., and James T. Van Rensselaer, Asst. U. S. Atty., for the collector and the United States. Stephen G. Clarke, for the importers. LACOMBE, Circuit Judge. In this case, I shall affirm the deci· sion of the board of appraisers, not upon the ground upon which they based their opinion, viz. that this is not a chair reed, but upon the return which they have made, that they are not reeds, commercially, under the statute. The testimony is somewhat con· flicting, but there is enough to sustain that finding. In re GOLDBERG et aL (Circuit Court, S. D. New York. June 21, 1893.) CUSTOMS DUTIEs-Cr,ASSIFICATION-JET TRIMMINGS.
Certain so-called "jet trimmings," being ornamental articles manufactured from black glass and iron, glass being the material of chief value, are properly dutiable as "manufactures of glass," at 60 per cent. ad valorem, under paragraph 108 of the tariff act of October 1, 1890, as classified by the collector of the port of New York, and not as "manufactures of jet," or of which jet is the component material of chief value, at 25 per cent. ad valorem, under paragraph 459 of the same tariff act, as claimed by the importers. Held, that the tariff act defined the meaning of "jet" as covering only the mineral substance of that name; especially with reference to Schedule N, :Tariff Ind., (paragraph 458 of the tariff' act of March 3, 1883,) which provided for "jet, manufactures and imitations of," the provision for imitations of jet being omitted in the act of 1890; and that congress used the word "jet" with the same meaning in the act of 1890 that it had in the act of 18S3, referring only to the mineral jet and manufactures thereof.
At Law. Appeal by the importers from a judgment of the board of general appraisers affirming the decision of the collector of the port of New York in the classification for customs duties of certain merchandise compospd of black glass and iroll, glass being the material of chief value, on which the collector levied duty as upon manufactures of glass at 60 per cent. ad valorem, under the provisions of Schedule B, par. 108, of the tariff act of October 1, 1890. The importers protested that the goods were manufactures of jet, or of which jet was the material of chief value, and that they were commercially known liS jet, and were dutiable only at 25 per cent. ad valorem, under Schedule N, par. 459, of said tariff act. Testimony was taken before the board of general appraisers, showing that the merchandise consisted of various patterns and shapes of trimmings or ornaments of black glass, and commercially known in trade as "jet" or "jet trimmings." 'l'here was also some evidence that the articles were known in trade as "imitation jet:' 'l'estimony was produced in behalf of the collector tellding to show that at the time of the passage of the tariff act there was a real jet known in trade and commerce, but only to a limited extent, and that this jet was the mineral lignite found principally near Whitby, England; that it was sold in the raw state, and also as made up into ornaments such as necklaces, etc. The board of appraisers found, in substance, that the merchandise was known commercially as "jet" lind "imitation jet;" that jet was a mineral substance; that the articles