656
FEDERAL REPORTER,vol.
55,
infringement of this feature of complainants' system is averred or proven. The increased production of oil per ton is mainly due to the marked improvement in the crushers and the presses. The claims of complainants'patent, in so far as defendant infringes them, are void, and the bill will be dismissed.
v, UNION BlUDGE CO.
(Circuit Court, N. D. New York. May 2, 1893.)
No. 5,824. PATENTS FOR INVENTIONS-NOVELTy-IKFRINGEMENT-REISSUED LETTERS PATENT No. 11.001.
In reissued letters patent No. 11,001, dated April ilO, 1889, for improvements in dies for making eye lmrs. a lower dili: section is employed, which is triangular in cross section, and is rigidly SUPDOl'ted on a base. 'l'he upper die· section is recessed upon its under sidH, to coincide with the angular face of the lower section. The heated ill'lr coming from the rolls is laid on the lower section. Power is then 'lpplied to the upper section, causing the metal to be bent into angular form, so as to lap the angular faces of the lower triangular section, the angular beud beillg made for the pUl'pose of ttH: bar straight during the llroceSs of upsetting. Held that, in view of the state of the ai't, the patellt ii1tlst bEl coniined to the only novel feature, viz. the triangular die section for bending the bar into augular form for the pUl'pose menticl1cd; nnd that, as so construed, a die which forms a longitudinal rib for the P1.U1)OSe of holding the bar straight during the process of upsetting does not irfringe.
In Equity. Bill by John F. Kingsley against the Union Bridge Company for an alleged infringement ofa patent. Dismissed. Thomas J. Johnston, for complainant. Walter D. Edmonds, for defendant. COXE, District Judge. This action is founded upon reissued letters patent No. 11,001, dated April .:W. 1889, for improvements in dies for malting eye barf;, 'I.'he application for the reissue was filed February 11, 1889. 'The original, No. 357,833, was applied for October 26, 1886, and was granted Februal'y 15, 1887. The invention "consists in a die of peculiar and also a frame provided with rollers upon which bears 'the former-head or other agency used for bringing' the 'desired pressure upon the upper die section." In carrying out the a lower die section is employed which is triangular in cross section. This lower section is rigidly supported upon any suitable base. The upper die section is recessed upon its under .side to coincide with the angular face of the lower section. The bar, as it comes from the rolls, is heated and laid upon the lower section of the die. Power is then applied to close the upper section upon the lower section, causing the metal to be bent into an angular form so as to lap the angular faces of the lower triangular section. This angular bend is for the pUq>ose of holding the bar straight during the process of upsetting. It is this which is the marked feature of the patented structure, distinguishing it from the upsetting dies of the prior art.
KINGSLEY tI. UNION BRIDGE CO.
657
The original patent had three claims. The reissued patent has thirteen claims. Of these all but the second and eighth are alleged to be infringed. Many defenses are urged, but it will be only necessary to consider one: The defense of noninfringement. The court is clearly of the opinion that a broad construction of the claims is impossible in view of the previous contributions made to the art by \Vebster, Cook and Carlough, and others. If the claims are confined to the single novel feature before alluded to, viz. the triangular die section for bending the bar into an angular form for the purpose of holding it straight during the process of upsetting, they may be sustained; but if expanded sufficiently to cover the defendant's structure, which does not bend the bar, they will be anticipated by several prior structures. 'rhe claims must be restricted to the invention which Kingsley actually made, and, when this is done, the defendant does not infringe. It is unnecessary to examine the claims in detail for the reason that none of them contains suflieient novelty and ingenuity, apart from the special feature above alluded to, to support invention. Certainly a claim whose only novel feature is the application of a frame of antifriction rollers to an upsetting die cannot be sustained, as such rollers had long been used for similar purposes in many analogous arts. Regarding the seventh claim it should be noted -First, that there is no corresponding elaim in the original for the special feature therein described, viz.: "The surfaces of the dies diverging from each other from the center outward i" second, that there is a claim for this feature, in combination with dies triang'ular in cross section, in patent Xo. (reissue Ko. 11,025;) and, third, that vVebster shows divergence in dies whosp meeting faces are slightly convex. Assuming the claim to valid it is clear that, like the others, it must be limited to the Kingsley die. The defendant does not use this die. It is idle, in view of the facts disclosed by this record, to contend that Kingsley was a pioneer. He may have made an improvement, but this is all. His die does its work upon the old principle and in, substantially, the old way. It performs no new function and accomplishes no new result. If cheaper and better than the prior dies the record fails to disclose it. King:-:ley may be entitled to protection for the advance made by him, and the claims of the reissue, if confined to the invention of the original, may be upheld. If, however, a construction broad enough to cover the defendant's die is placed upon the claims they will necessarily cover also several preceding dies. Such a construction is, of course, unwarrantable. The defendant's die resembles the Cook and Carlough and Webster dies more closely than the die of the patent. The defendant does not bend the bar into an angular form so as to lap the angular faces of the lower die section. In the defendant's die the lower section is not triangnlar in cross section. The upper section is not concave to coincide with the lower section, but both sect.ions are slightly convex. The indentation of the bar npon the rib of defendant's lower die section, even though preliminary to upsetting, is not the equivalent for the bending of the bar by v.55F.llv.5-42
658
. FEDERAL . REPORTEiR,
yol. 5.5.
the die ,of the patent. i Such ribs were old when the field, and he has taken pains to: point out in his testimony the advalltagesofbending the bar by his process over the prior methods oil holding the bar straight upon a longitudinal rib. The bill is dismissed. KERR
v. HOYLE et a1. No. 74.
(CIrcuit Court, lj]. D. Pennsylvania. April 24, 1893.) 1. PATENrs FOR INVENTIONS-ANTICIPATION.
Letters patent No. 353,790, issued December 7, 1886, to David R Kerr, were :('01' a "woven fa.bric," the object of which is the 'production "in a woven fabric of a variety of shades of color in the pattern or figure, by a new way of interweaving the warp and weft threads, avoiding the expense of extra colors in the warp and weft threads," by "the combination of two warps of the same color with two or more colored weft threads; the warp threads being so 'lu'ranged in loom harness as to work in pairs, ","ith a binder warp thl'eadbetween the two figuring warp threads of each pair." Held not to have been' anticipated by certain fabrics made some years before the date of the patent.
2.
SAME-VALIDITy-RESULT OF ACCIDEN1'.
'l'hepatent is not invalid as covering merely the result of an accident, but is sustainable as showing patentable invention.
In Equity. Bill by David B. Kerr, as administrator, etc., against Hoyle, Harrison & Kaye, for the infringement of letters patent. Decree for complainant. John Dolman, for complainant. George J. Harding, for respondents. BUTLER, District Judge. The plaintiff charges infringement of patent No. 353,790, issued to David B. Kerr, Decel)lbeI' 7, 1886, for a "woven fabric." The specifications state the object of the invention tote the production "in a woven fabric of a variety of shades of color in the pattern or figure, by a new way of interweaving the warp and weft threads, avoiding the expense of extra colors in the warp -and weft threads." The invention is stated to "consist in the combination. pf, two warps of the same color, with two or more colored weft threads; the warp threads being so arranged in loom harness as to work in pairs, with a binder warp thread in the center of each pall'." The claim is stated as follows: "The combination of two or more wefts each of a different color, with figuriJ).g warp t!lreap.s, and a binder warp thread betweeJ;!. the two figuring warp threads of;C/lch 'pair, as , : anll described, and fo,r the purpose specified." ".', ,-; '
\-'
'.
,IThe of this arrangement of threads in, the loom, and the described m.ethod of working them, is to produce a peculiar fabric, which is acknowledged to be new in the art, if not anticipated by either of the three specimens -of old fabric produced by the defendants. The defenses set up are, first, anticipation; second, an implied license; third, "that the matter claimed was not the invention of I:\err, but the result of an accident." The second was not