ERQUIT V. NEW YORK & CUBA MAIL S. S. CO.
825
ERQUIT
v.
NEW YORK
& CtmA
MAIL
S. S. Co.
(Di8trLctOourt, B. D. NIM York. April 18, 1892.) SHIPPING-NEGLIGENCE-IMPROPER HATCH COVER-PERSONAL INoTURIEB.
Owing'tothe warping of their supports in hot weather, the hatch covers of a ship did not fit tightly the hatch, which fact was unknown to libelant, w,ho had recently shipped as sailor on such ship. In consequence of such defect, as libelant was, under orders. coveringtbe hatch, one of tbe covers fell, precipitating libelant into the hold. Held" that the ship was liable for his injuries.
In Admiralty. Libel for personal injuries. Alexander &- Ash, for libelant. Ohar1e8 C. Nadel and Mr. Moore, for respondent. BROWN, District Judge. On the 28th of September, 1891, about 5 o'clock P. M., as the libelant, who was an able seaman on the steamship City of Washington, at Tampico, was putting on the hatch covers for the night upon the main deck, with three other seamen, under the di· rection of the boatswain, he fell through the hatch into the lower hold and sustained some injuries, for which the above libel was filed. The hatch was covered by means of 9 covers, 3 rows of 3 covers each. Two strong-backs, consisting of beams 15 feet long by 6 inches wide and 12 inches deep, ran lengthwise of' the ship to serve as the interior supports of the hatch covers. The 3 covers on the port side were first put in place, then the 2 forward covers in the middle row. To sustain these covers a ledge, or rest, was cut in the strong-backs about an inch and a half wide, upon which the covers were designed to rest. The libelant had stepped upon the middle Cover of the second row, and had taken hold of the ring of the aft cover to put it in place in that row, when the port side of the middle cover fell in underneath the libelant, and the cover went down with him into the hold, while the other cover followed aD top of him. The libelant claims that the middle cover on which he W!iS standing was apparently put in the proper place; but that the port beam, or strong-back, had been warped: and bowed to port in the middle, so that the port edge of the central cover did not get proper support and fell in under his weight. The respondents contend that the accident could not have happened in that way .· They gave evidence tending to show that there could not possibly have been less than half an inch of support for the cover upon the port ledge, if the cover was down in its proper place, even if the cover was shoved over to starboard to the utmost limit possible. They also gave evidence tending to show that the starboard beam or strong-back was warped or bowed to port, to the same extent as the port strong-back, so as not to increase the space between those two beams. They contend, therefore. that the cause of the accident was that the middle cover was not put down in place. Other evidence shows, however, that the spaces for the covers were affected considerably by wet or dry weather. Not infrequently when wet, the covers on the port
FEDERAL REPORTER,
vol. 50.
!,' . .
:i
side of the hatch had to be beaten down, because they fitted so tightly. besideslthelibelant have testified thatthe middle covSeveral ers were carefully put down in their proper places before the libelant stepped upon thilm. ' SQIile unfilled' spaCe was Doticed 'along the port edges, but no opening beneath. , .' .', " wahit:ht therejectipn olthe explicit testimony of these , I see witnesses,that the covers were in place. A considerable time elapsed ,!¥:cident the time when' the careful measurements were taken bytbe' witness Weeks, above" referred to. The accident happened in Mexico, in a hot climate, at the end of the summer season, when the covers and the ,beams would have been subjected seemingly to the utmost possible influence of long-continued dry weather, such as would shrink the covers to the utmost; while any shrinkage of the beams, if there was any, would also enlarge the hatch openings. The ,testified to were made' here in midwinter, and under oppositeponoitions. r must accept the facts, therefore, 'as sworn to in this particl,1,lar by the libelant's witnesses. was without fault. iHe was new to the ship; he was The not, apquainted with the imperfect fitting of the hatch coverSi and he was putting ,them on fo/.' the first time, under the direction of the boatswain, who hurried hilUin his work. The libelant is, therefore, entitled to, 'recover his actual damages. , Hewaa' cOllfinedto his bunk forfour days. After that he came upon the deck male or less, but was unable to work. On arrival in New York he w",ot to the Marine Hospital, where he remained 39 days, and was thendischluged. His own physician testifies that he finds evidence of a thickening of the pleura, which the respondent's expert testifies, could only proceed from acute pleurisy. If he suffered any such acute attack, it must have been very short. All are of the opinion that, after a few months more, the libelant will be practically welli though a difference remains as to the thickening of the pleura, and its necessary consequences. Looking at all the circumstances. I think $750 will be a reasonable allowance for his injuries; for which a decree may be entered, with costa.
THE OSCEOLA. THE NAl'iNIE LAMBERTON.
EM:ny
t1. THE OSCEOLA ANn THE NANNIE LA.MBERTON·
. (District Court, S. D. New York.
Aprill4.1892.)
CoLLISION-NAtiROW CHANNEL-TIDE-RIGHT Oll' WAy-WON DUTY TO STOP.
Where two 'tows are approachinll;each· other in a narrow channel in such wise that b;r contilluing on they willmeet at a point where it is l1ifticult and dangerous for thent to pass, it is the duty of the tow going against the tide to stop before reaching&uch difficult point,. and waitfor.tha ether tow to go by her.