882
FEDERAL REPORWE&,
YQld 1.
termined on the form of protest; and inasmuch as that, in both its clauses, pf tlle i/!rticle 8S one non-enuevidently insisted up()n merated, it is not sufficiently specific to warrant a recovery. Verdict directed for defendant. ' r " " , ' r , \' \'," 1 ," , , ,- ; j ' -
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(OircuAt Oourt, S. D. New Yor7c. Januarf" ": '. '. CuSTOMS
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. Plates.e.ndmuga;clellOrated:\yithipi01l.nftiS and with th&16tte"""iili-dtithllialpbabet, and fqrchildren\ knQWU in B.O and fQllndl>y, a. ! not tOllEl toya'inentic)oed:ib.'s6bedu1e Fot'ttl/! actiu''the provision fot' "dolfiJ and tel)'s of: all .· Jdnds,",al1d ther8fore.· held 'dutiabl& 88 · .. decorated earthenwar&. It '
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avery row one. simply to whether these goods are toys. If you any' distin<}tipIj, the differ, will that -distinp,tion, W hen verdict. You have heard tbe evidence, and all that tbere is for me to 40 ip the case in your hands is to give you the definition of tbe word "toy:" a thing use, Qr,purppse Qf wllich i1l: the mind I and evidenqe·. you wiH. determine as! ,to not The burden proof of plait:J,tifJ,. as , ,i,llal1.thes,e . pases. He must satisfy you Jair Jpreponde.rat:J,9c his side of the is made outjotherwisethepresumpJiop. is. tbat the collector, a .
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WALRATH tI. PACIFIC PAV.ca.
883 ,
;tWALlUITH "'. PA(n:Fio PAV. Co. . CoNSoLIDATED. BITUMINOUS ROCK
Co. "'. W ALltATH. March 4,1800.)
(OircuU
o,QUrt, N. D. California.
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BAME-PRIOR STATE Oll' ART-FROCESS 1I'0R WORKING BITUMINOUS SAND·RoClL
HeM, OIl the evidence add,uced,that letters patent No. S42,852 for a paving, rooflng, and,}JoUding comP9und"granted to Walrath on June 1, 1886) are yalld. but in View. of tlie state of the art, must be Umited to a process in whicn the bituminous'material is alone in onevesseli and8team is generated in another and distinCt vellsel and conveyed therefrom by a pipe .inti> the mass of bituminous ma,:tihat !laid ste!W1'will; permeate apd thereby disintegrate the bItuminous
(SlItzabuabvthe. Cow1.) .
. . ., , Bill for the infringement or two letters patent,onenumbered319.125, granted 'to 3"adson Rice,Andrew Steiger,and Isaac L.Thurher,on June 2, 1885, 'Using AspbalttIIDi"aiId the other, num'Pered 342,8p2;granted to on June 1, 188'6, entitied".:Paving, ROQfJng, :and Building Compound." The material portions oHhe specification (}f the first patent are asfoUows: ,. large bit\llIiinous deposits,in California known as' asphaltum,' wniob'is<used for val'iouspurposeB, but principally for roollng ,buildings, in and sidewalks 'and for bast\ment floors. The only process for working asphaltum heretofore in use has been to beat it inan open iron: receptil.Cle Witb ooal·tar or Some oily substance or ingredient, and when ina liqUid statetcimtx it with gravel or coarse sand and subject the combination to an intense beRt untHthoroughly'cooked.' and then to apply it in a dissolvtJdor li<tui'dstate to the uSlls:for which it was intendelil. By this,process.. tbe nat· ural qualities of the llSphaltum were deRtro)"ed. the aotion ;Gf the ;flre volatilizing and evaporating portions oiits valuable constItuents; rendering it· brittle and porous, and when expOsed to the heat'of the sun, or to rnoistllre of any kind. it wOuld crumble and ,decompose. The objPct of our in,vention is topreplue asphilltum for the purposes of roofing buildings, fOfpa;vihg strtJets and sidewalks; for basement tioors,and alLother purposes,for which it is now commonly used by a new process heretofore unknown or used, and to prfServe tbenaturll1'elastic and adhesive properties contained Ihasphaltumin its na. tive state without the addition of coal-tar, oil, or any otherol1y substance whatever, and turedllce the exppnseof handlingrt. To carry out our invention, we take; the asphaltllllUn' its mltive state and softetior dissolve it by the' aid of holl,water, steam, or superheated steam, and when: dissolved or in a plastic stJatetoapply it to the uses for wh.i,ch it is intended. We:then press it iron; or rollers heated for that purpos!', but DOtto a temperature thatwooldburri the matel'lal,which gives it a slDuotb surfaoo and renders itcompltct' "Snd, solid. ,Wllenthe'8sphaltum is disl!olVtld or. softened by our process, clean sand may be added, if desired, to giveJt ,tbe con-
In Equity.