controversy NavigationCompany;alldontbe 2:1atday of a deed, or, what purports to, b!3 &uch, was executed by Samuel A.Vose, as the president of said ;navigat.ioll:con1pany,Jor:all of said lands described in the two patents aforel'laid,to M. S. J3aldwin, forthe recited consideration of $11,000. On the 29th day of November, 1872,the navigation company, by Vase as president, executed another deed to Baldwin for lands described therein for the ,recited consideration of $10,000, but stated to be to correct certain descriptions of the. lands intended to be conveyed in the deed of November 21,1872. On the 17th of April, 1878, Baldwin, by Vose, as his attorney in fact, eXflcuteda deed of conveyance to defendant Israel Hall, for the lands described in the bill against Hall's wife, and in the cross-bill, for the recited consideration of $40,000, but which was paid in other lands and real estate ,situate in several of the northern states; and on the 5th day of November, 1874, ISfael Hall executed a deed of conveyance to a one-half interest in the land to his wife and co-defendant. On the 15th day of December, 1873, a deed of conveyance to the lands described in complainant's billagainst Mrs. Turner, and in her cross-bill, to Charles H. Shepard, for the rfr cited consideration of $53,804.61, with other lands. Shepard gavehia notes for part of the purchase one of which was purchased by Mrs. Turner. Shepard, to secure the note, executed a mortgage, which, with the note, was transferred to Mrs. Turner, who filed her bill in this court to foreclose the mortgage, obtained a decree for the amount due, which, DOt being paid as required by the decree, in pursuance to the de. cree the land' was sold, when she became the purchaser, and obtained ,a deed therefor from the comnlissioner, all of which was confirmed by the court. The 'proof shows that neither Mrs. 'rurner, nor her husband, who acted for her, knew of any defect in the title under which she claims. The same is true of the testimony regarding Hall a,nd wife. Both parcontinued to pay the taxes on the lands claimed by them up to this present time. On the 20th d:1y of July, 1881, patents were issued by the governor and secretary of state, under the seal of the state, to complainant and J. J. Seal to the lands described in the bills and bills in these cases, under the certificates of purchase so executed by Hiram Bonner. On the 19th of April, 1873, the legislature passed an act declaring that the purpose of the act of 1871, incorporating the Pearl River Navigation Company, had failed, but that, as the patent to the lands be. fore then made to the company had subjected them to taxation, which taxes had been paid, that, upon the payment into the treasury of the state of 25 cents per acre of all the lands that had been patented, the secretary of state should cancel and deliver up the bond or undertaking that had been filed in his office, intended to be the ,bond required by the l,l.ct of incorporation to be executed, appoved, and filed; that the purchase money so directed to be paid should be paid on or before the 1st day of October, 1879; and that, unless. payment was made as provided in the act, that the title to the land. should rest absolute in the state; and the patents issued ,should be deposited with the secretary of state. This act also provided ,that if any orthe lands patentel1 to the compll.nyha.d
804 been sold by the board of commissioners and had been paid for in good faith,and received a certificate of purchase, but had failed to present the certificate, and obtained 8. patent, the company, upon proof of the fact, and by the affidavit of the payment, should execute a quitclaim deed to the applicant to said lands, relinquishing all right, title. claim, and interest to such lands; that the applicant should make the application for the deed within six months from the date of the act, and, not done within that time, the title to the land should become complete in the company; that for all lands so deeded the company should receive a credit at the rate of 25 cents per acre. The act further provides that all acts and parts of acts,' deeds, and proceedings whatever of the Pearl River Improvement & Navigation Company be and the same are hereby legalized, ratified, and confirmed. An act of the legislature was passed and approved on the 1st day of February, 1877, appointing a commissioner of swamp lands in this state, and directing that the secretary of state should give notice in the official journal for four weeks to all persons who had theretofore entered or purchased any of the state lands, and had not received patents from the state for the same, to come forward and procure the same by paying the purchase money, and, in case the purchase money had been paid in good faith, to exhibit the receipt therefor, or satisfactory proof thatthe same had been mislaid ·lost, or destroyed, and on satisfactory proof of such payment the secretary should issue patents therefor, and should cancel any patents that had been improperly issued for said land. 'l'he legislature passed another act, approved on the same day, which, among other things, provides that the secretary of state, under the directions of the governor, should issue patents for land heretofore sold by and under any authority of law to 'persons presenting the proper certificates, or upon satisfactory proof of the loss thereof. An .act was passed by the legislliture, approved March 6, 1882, amending the act of 1877, directing the commissioner of the state to cancel upon his records the last entry made, and certify the same to the secretary of state, who is directed to cancel the last patent; and provision is made in said act for the refunding the money to the party, making the entry canceled. The orlginnl bill was filed in the chancery court of Marion county, as to the lands claimed by Hall and wife, and that against Mrs. Turner in the chancery court of Hancock county, as to the lands claimed by her, both under the provisions of section 1839 of the Code of 1880, and both were removed to this court. In both it is averred that the complainant is the owner in fee-simple of the lands described as set off to him under the decree of the chancery court of HanClock county, and of fourfifths Of that set off to the heirs of J. J. Seal, under conveyances from them; that the claims set up to the lands respectively by Hall and wife and Mrs. Turner, are clouds upon his title; and prays that the same be remanded by decree of the court, and that they be declared void, and canceled. The cross-bills make the same averments as to the title of the complainants in the cross-bills respectively, and the sanle allegations as to the defective title of Bradford, and that his claim is a cloud upon their
BRADFORD II. BALL.
805
·title, and prays that the same be declared void, and canceled. The answer and cross-bill of Hall and wife allege that the claim of Bradford was a fraud from the beginning; that no money was-paid when the entries were made, or since; that there was no compliance with the statutes au.. thorizing the entries and procurements of the patents; that complainant and Seal were barred of all right and claim thereto by the act of 1873; and other allegations; and, relying upon their being purchasers for value without notice of any defect in the titles under which they claim, they also rely upon the statute of limitations of 10 years. The same reliance upon the statute is made by complainant. The allegations in the bills and cross-bills and answers are substantially the same in both cases. The foregoing statement of facts and allegations ill the pleadings, are all that need be stated to an understanding of the questions for decision. It is a well-settled doctrine that under the statute under which these bills and cross-bills are filed, as well as under the general rule, that the complainant must show that he has a valid title to the lands claimed. Under the statute, I take it, a complete equitable title will be sufficient, so that the first question to be decided is, has complainant shown a cient legal or equitable title to the lands described in the bill, and supe.:. rior to that of the defendant's title? It may be remarked that neither party has shown aititle under the statute of limitations for want of sufficient adverse possession. The inception of complainant's title set up is the purchase and entries made on the 29th day of March, 1871. It is alleged in the answers and cross-bills that the entries were not made on that day, but on a subsequent day after the title had passed to the Pearl River Company, and were antedated; and further, that the purchase money was never paid. This allegation is denied, and, such being the case, the burden was on defendants to establish it by proof. This, in my opinion, they have failed to do. Upon the contrary. the proof is that they were made on that day, and there being no question that ram Bonner was the treasurer of the board of commissioners, and authorized to sell the lands, and to receive and receipt for the purchase monp.y, , and that he was only authorized to make the entries and give thecertificates upon the payment of the purchase money. The certificates state that Bradford and Seal did make the purchases, and the price at which made, which could not have been done without the payment of the purchase money· Besides Bradford testifies that Bonner stated when the entries were made that he had received the purchase money from Seal; that Seal was making payments while he was attending to the suance of the certificates; and there is no proof to the contrary. The proof shows that Bonner and Seal both died before these controversies arose, and that Bradford is the owner of four-fifths of the lands set off to Seal's heirs. I must hold that the purchase money was then paid, and. the certificates issued in pursuance to the statute. The act of 1852 transferred these lands from the state to the swamp land commissioners with power to sell and dispose of the same, and it is not controverted that Bonner as the treasurer of the board had authority to sell, and give. the certificates of purchase, and that, this being done, Bradford and
$eal thereby became vested with a complete equitable:title to the lands so purchalled. The patent from the state beillg the only act necessary to vest in'them the complete legal title thereto, there has been no limit of time in which they should be done fixed by law; the only statute on this sQ-bject being the act of 1873, and that related to the quitclaim deeds to be executed by the Pearl River Navigation Company. The act of 1871, intended to transfer thesesw!1mp lands to the navigation company, excepted from the transferall)apdstheretofore sold by the board of commissioners, so that the title to them did not and could not pass to the company. The company was made the successor of the board of swamp land commissioners, and as such was bound by all that the board had done, and took the lands, if they took Lhem at all, with this exception, and was put upon the inquiry as to the sales that had been made. I am satisfied that neither the equitable uor a legal title to the lands in controversy ever passed to the Pellrl River Navigation Company. The act of 1871! as a condition precedent to the transfer of the swamp lands in the Pearl river district to the. Pearl River Improvement & Navigation Oompany, provided that the company should execute a bond, with two or more good and sufficient sureties, to be approved by the governor, payable to the state, in the penalty of $50,000, and conditioned for the faithful performance of the obligations upou the part of the company in relation to the trust assumed. These are the substantial conditions required in the bond. The bond so required was to be the bond of the company, executed by its proper officer under the corporate seal of the company, and by which the company would have been bound. This bond never was executed, but what purports to be a bond made by some of the incorporators of the company, dated all the 7th day of April, 1871, was approved by the governor, and filed. This bond the supreme court of th,is state in the case of IIardy v. IIartman, 4 South. Rep. 545, (decided at last April term,) decided not to be in comformity to the requirement of the act of 1871, and that the bond required was a condition precedent to the transfer of the lands to the said company, and that no title to these lands had passed to the company. This, being a construction of the statute of the state by the supreme court of the state, becomes a part of it, and is binding on this court, in which construction I concur. But it is contended by defendants' counsel that, whatever defects there might have Qeen in the proceedings, they were cured by the act of 1873. This act declared that the purposes of the act of 1871 had failed, but that, as under the patent to the company the lands had been assessed for taxes, and the taxes paid, that the company should have the right to purchase the lands patented to it, by paying into the state treasury in cash, on or before the 1st of October thereafter, 25 cents per acre, but, if said payment was not made within that time, then the title to all these lands should rest in the state. It also provided that in the event the money was paid, and the title became vested in the company under the patent, and, the patent had embraced lands before sold to other persons before the issuance of the patent, that, on proof of the entry and payment of
v.
HALL.
807
the purchase money, the company should execute to the purchaser a quitclaim deed, and the should have a credit for the lands so quitclaimed at the rate of 25 cents per acre, this upon the presumption that the company had paid. But no payment of any money was ever made by the company to the state, so that no title ever vested in the company under this act; and all the confirmations provided in the act became inoperative, so far as it related to these lands, the title to which thereafter rested, as the act terms it, in the state, unless since transferred to others by patent; so that, in my Qpinion, the act of 1873 in no way conflicts with the rights and title of complainant. The main defense set up to the original bills and rights set up in the cross-bills is that the defendants in the one and the complainants in the other are innocent purchasers for value, without notice of the defects in the chain of title under which they hold, and of any notice of complainants' title, and are not affected thereby. As to the chain of title under which they claim, they are chargeable with notice of all that goes to make their chain of title, so far as the same appears of record, or facts to which they refer, and upon which they depend, whether they examined them or not. If they did not, they must take the consequences of their neglect. Ralland wife claim under Baldwin's deed. That deed refers to the act of 1871. By refl.'1rence to that act they would have found that lands theretofore sold were not transferred to the company. They would further have found that the bond was required as a condition precedent to the transferofthe lands to the company, and the place where the bond was to be filed, and could be found; and, if the one purporting to be the one required was not discovered to be sufficient, must be held to take the risk that it was the proper bond, and that the claim 'of title was complete from the state,-the source of title under which both parties claim. For these reasons I am satisfied that Hall and wife and Mrs. Turner do not occupy the position of innocent purchasers for value without notice of the defect in their own claims of title. The registry laws of the state have no bearing upon the title of complainant under his certificate of purchase; these laws do not require these certificates or patents to be registered as notice to the world of their existence. The patents may be registered, and copies made evidence, and that is all. The bar of six months, provided in the act of 1873, only applied to the company, and, before it expired, the company had forfeited all rights to any of the lands by reason of noncompliance with any of the conditions imposed, and no limitations of the time within which the patents should be applied for as against the state or anyone else than the company have been passed by the legislature; and, the patents having been issued to the lands in controversy, I must hold that the plaintiff has shown a good title, equitable and legal, to the lands in controversy, and that the defendants to the original bill. and complainants to the cross-bills have failed to establish their title to these lands so as to entitle them to the relief prayed for in the cross-bill. filed, as evidence in the cause, deeds from the auditor, Mrs. Turner but failed to show the tax sales and report of the tax collector by