SHIl:I,LEY 'C. ST. CHARLES CO.
875
plaintiff or for the defendant, as the case may be; but you shouhl assess the value of the property taken whichever way you find, because, if the plaintiff is not entitled to recover, the statute means that he shall return the property or its value. Hence it will be a necessary part of your verdict to ascertain what the value of the property was·. There is one other matter to which I wish to call your attention. In this Wayne county proceeding it is stated "all the blocks" on certain property named, with the exception of such as had been lheretofore seized in an antecedent replevin suit. The number is a suggested number, being about 2,500; so that the sheriff or officer was to take all the blocks that were piled up on a certain tract of the petitioner, estimated to be 2,500. When the sheriff seized the property, he says he has seized "9,500 granite paving blocks, more or less;" so that the precise number does not determine the matter. The proceeding required him to take all there.
SHELLEY
ST.
CHARLES CO.l
(Ot'rcut't Oourt, E. D. Mt'ssouri. October 16,1886.)
1. 2.
TAXATION-SAJ,E-PunCHASER.
An innocent third party, who purchases at a tax sale, takes free from taxes then due.
SAME-PURCHASE BY OWNER.
Where an owner of property, knowing that taxes levied upon it are insufficient for the purpose of the levy, and less than required by law. allows it to be sold under a judgment for such taxes, and buys it in to escape paying what is justly due, another tax may be levied upon the land to ma!{e up his deficiency.
This is a proceeding by mandnmus against the judges of the county court of St. Charles county to enforce the satisfaction of a judgment recovered in this conrt upon certain bonds and coupons issued by St. Charles county, under certain acts of 1869 and 1870, for the improvement by drainage of certain lands lying in said county known as the "Marias Temps Clair District," and to that end compel the levy of a sufficient tax to pay said judgment-less the amount of $1,687.50, already paid thereon-upon the lands designated in said district. The alternative writ recited the recovery of judgment; the acts under which the bonda and coupons in judgment merged were issued; the duty enjoined thereunder upon the county court to levy, upon the lands designated, taxes sufficient to pay said debt; the failure of said court, which it is alleged managed the financial affairs of sfI,id county, upon due demand made 80 to do; and commanded the JReported by Bellj. F. Rex, Esq., of the St. Louis bar.
SiC
FEDERAL REPORTER.
county court to levy the tax enjoined, and cauee the same to he collected, or show cause. The return, which is in the nature of a confession and avoidance, after reciting the acts referred to, alleges the execution tbereunder by the county court of certain bonds with interest coupons attached, in. cluding relator's, giving numbers, date of issue, and maturity, of which bonds and coupons, as alleged, there matured, in 1872, $4,750; 1873, $5,500; 1874, $5,750; 1875, $5,500; 1876, $5,700; 1877, $5,350; 1878, $5,500; 1879, $6,100; 1880, $5,100; 1881, $1,650; that, to satisfy these, there were assessed against the Marias Temps Clair lands the following taxes, viz.: in 1871, $6,517.79; 1872, $6,195.09; 1873, $6; 194:.70; 1874:, $5,391.88; 1875, $4,977.12; 1876, $4:,963.32; 1877, $4,849.56; 1878, $4,849.08; 1879, $4,849.08; that "in the several years of the maturity of said bonds" the county paid, as its portion, the following sums, viz.: in 1872, $1,114.60; 1873, $94:3.33; 1874, $1,318.58; 1875, $496.86; 1876, $108.48; 1880, $778.60,-aggregating $4,760.4:5; that' the bonds maturing during the various years, up to and including 1874:, with the coupons, bad been paid and canceled; that all of the interest coupons due in the various years up to and including 1874:, most, if not all, of those maturing up to and including 1875, and some maturing in 1876, had been paid; that, of the taxes so assessed, there were de. linquent of the taxes assessed in 1873, $4,540.86; 1874, $3,942.71; 1875, $3,762.22; 1876, $4,259.44; 1877,$4,226.38; 1878,$4,057.32; 1879, $4,057.32; that, to recover "all of said taxes for the several years for which the same had become delinquent," suits had been instituted subsequent to the year 1880, in the circuit court, by the county collector, against each of the several tracts of said Marias Temps Clair lands, judgments recovered, executions issued, and sales of said land made, from which $3,983.82 was realized. The return further denied the contract and authority of the county court over the assessment and collection of said taxes. The reply denied the allegations of the return. The act of 1869, above referred to, contains, among others, the following provisions, viz.: "Sec. 5. It shall be the duty of said commissioner, as soon as practicable after contracting for the proposed work, to make descriptive lists, by sections, township. and range, or other legal subdivision, of aU lands that will wholly or in part be reclaimed or benefited by the proposed work: stating. as accurately as possible, the number of acres in each subdivision so reclaimed or benefited. the owners thereof, and the prospective value of the same after the completion of the work, and to estimate the benefit which they believe will accrue to the county at large by reason of such improvements; * * * and a statement of the entire costs of the works and improvements proposed, to be completed within one year from the time of their appointment. including cost of preliminary surveys," etc. "Sec. 7. The report of the commissioner, when confirmed or amended by said judges, shall be passed to the county assessor, who, at the annual assessment of taxes next thereafter made, shall assess to the county at large the esti-
SHELLEY V. lilT. CHARLES CO.
877
mated benefits accruing to the same, and the residue of the entire cost of the improvements against the individuals benefited thereby, in proportion to the number of acres improved or reclaimed for them respectively, and the taxes so assessed are to be collected, and their collection enforced, in the same man· ncr as other taxes for general purposes, and shall be equally a lien on the assessed until paid."
The amendatory act of 11:170, which authorized the issue of bonds in payment of such improvement, provides, by section 3 thereof, that"'rhe payment of the principal and interest of all such bonds shall be provided for before maturity, by taxes assessed exclusively on the lands improved, benefited, or protected by such improvements, except such portion as may be deemed by the commissioners to be justly chargeable to the county at large, according to the prOVisions of said act of March 3, 1869, which portion the county shall payout of money collected for general purposes; and the basis of taxation Shall be the estimated increase in value caused by said improvement of the lands included in the descriptive lists required by section 5 of said act to be made by the commissioners; but, instead of the entire cost of said irriprovements being assessed in one yeaI', only such amounts shall be assessed in anyone year as will be sufficient to pay the annual .interest on all such outstanding bonds, and the principal of all such btmdfl'maturing the following year, allowing, )lOwever, at least twenty-five per cent. for delinquent taxes; and the assessors and collectors of the s.everal counties are hereby charged with assessing and collecting such taxes in· the. same manner, and on the same terms, as they are required to assess and collect taxes for general purposes."
E. B. Sherzer, for relator. Dyer, Lee « Ellis and Castleman, Hough« Denison, for· respondent.
\
TREAT, J., (orally.) In this case we encounter special difficulties. Here were tax sales supposed to cover taxes for the years prior to those respective sales. It appears from the averments of the relator that the owners of the property, knowing that the taxes levied were not sufficient under the terms of the statute to give this bondholder and others what they were justly entitled to, bought in their own property under the tax titles to escape the necessity of paying the full amount due. It is not disclosed to the court adequately in these papers, even if it be true that the owners of the property did buy in their own property under a tax sale, whether the taxes theretofore levied were not adequate for that purpose. ' As to the mandamus applied for with respect to the taxes not levied on bonds falling due after the prior tax sales, there is no dispute. Of course, the party is entitled to mandamus therefor, but Mr. Sherzer contended on behalf of his client that the purchasers under that tax sale are not to be relieved from the deficiency in the assessments and levies theretofore made. If a purchaser at a tax sale purchases as an innocent third party, he should take free from the taxes theretofore falling due, the sale being for all taxes theretofore due; but if the man owning the property does not pay his taxes, and is aware that the levy is less than what ought to have been lev-
878
FEDERAL RErORTER.
ied, and buys in his own property in order to escape paying what was justly due, the court wishes to know that fact. First, then, was the levy sufficient, and, if these parties are not innocent third pa,fties, their property is still subject to their deficiency, and that is a matter of inquiry. This will be referred to Judge KRUlIf, to reportFirst, to what extent the assessments and levies as to these taxes were insufficient; second, whether the parties buying in this property were original parties, or innocent third parties; thirdly, what is the amount for which mandamus should go of taxes in dispute subsequentto these taxes.
In 1. 3.
'1'6
Extradition of
FERRELLE·
. (Oirauit Oourt, B. D. New YQ'1'k. October 7,1886.) ErrRADITION-RIGHT OF INDIVIDUAL PROSECUTOR. &lIl!:-COMPLAINT-AuTHORITY .TO MAKE.
Extradition is a right of foreign governments only, not of indtv'ldlSals.
"Complaint on oath" for the arrest and commitment of a person for the purpose .of extradition, under section 5270, Rev. St. must be a complaint by sotn$ one authorized to represent the executive department of. the foreign treaty power; and. if the complaint be made by a private individual, his authority to act in behalf of the foreign executive should be made to appear before the proceedings before the commissioner are closed, or the proceeding : should be dismissed. . . SAllE-DISCHARGE OF PRISONER.
8.
No such evidence in this case appearing. and two weeks having elapsed, the prisoner was, on habeas Mrptt8, discharged. .
.
On Habeas Corpus and Cf!rtiorar'i. Chas. A. Hess, for prisoner. Chas. Blandy, for respondent. BROWN, J. The prisoner is brought before me upon habeas corpU8, and certiorari to proceedings had before a United States commissioner upon .his arrest upon the charge of having forged a note or draft on William Owen Parker, in Canada. The prisoner is entitled to his discharge, unless it appears that he is lawfully held. As the alleged crime was committed in Canada, there is no jurisdiction on the part of any officer of this goverument to take cognizance of it, except in pursuance of some act ·of congress; so that the question virtually is whether these proceedings, and the commitment tinder them, have been authorized by section 5270 of the Revised Statutes, which is the only section that covers the case. On behalf of the prisoner it is alleged that the proceedings before the commissioner ,were not instituted by the pUblic authorities of Canada, or by any person authorized to represent the executive of that government. That presents two questions, one of fact and the