582
FEDERAL REPORTER.
denied so far as regards the rescission, will be granted so far as rega.rdl the in.lunction, when the plaintiff has instituted an action at law for damages, which can be set off against the note and mortgage, and when the defendant is a non-resident, and not a property owner to any amount.
In Equity·. W. F. Wilcox, for plaintiffs. Charles H. Briscoe and James P. Andrews, for defendants. SHIPMAN, J. This suit was brought to the state court, the complaint alleging the defendants' fraud in the sale of Oreal and perboth for damages, and sonal property to the plaintiffs, and for equitable relief by a rescission of the deed, or of the note and mortgage which were given in part payment of the purchase price, and by an injunction restraining the transfer or assignment of the note and mortgage. The suit was removed to the circuit court, where the plaintiffs filed a separate bill in equity, the action at law remaining also in conrt. The bill in equity has been tried. The facts are as follows: In January, 1884, Mrs. Caroline Foote had the legal title to a farm of 75 acres in Killingworth, in this state, which her husband, John H. Foote, had previously pnrchased for $700, and had conveyed to his wife as a gift. Her husband, as her agent, and with her knowledge and approbation, concluded to sell the farm, and took measures to bring it to the attention of German immigrants to this country. In February, 1884, the notice of the two plaintiffs, who were Germans, orie of whom had been in this country about nine months, and the other about six months, was called to the plaintiff's advertisement of the farm, one-half of which was represented to be clear, and the other half to be in woodland, and both went to see the defendant John H. Foote at his house in Brooklyn, New York. He praised the farm; said that it was one-half clear, and the other half woodland; that it had an ice-house, and that a good mowing-machine belonged to it; and the three went to Killingworth in a couple of days to examine it. Examination was necessarily imperfect, as there was snow upon the ground. The farm is an old, worn-out rough farm of 75 acres, of which only ]0 or 12 acres, in the immediate vicinity of the house, are clear land, and are now capable of cultivation. The said John H. Foote pointed out to the plaintiffs, as embraced in and belonging to the farm, three lots of cultivated, cleared land, which he said were good grass lots, and a fourth lot which had been grown over with bushes. These lots, containing 12 acres, belonged to Norris Griswold. Said Foote also showed to the plaintiffs, as belonging to the farm, two cultivated, cleared lots, containing five acres, which actually belonged to Ezra G. L'Hommedieu. These six lots were near the defendant's dwellinghouse, and adjoining her lots, and, if they had belonged to the farm, would have greatly enhanced its value. Said Foote also said that a certain ditch was the line, which included a little strip of said Gris-
SpHNEIDER 'l1. FOOTE.
583
wold's land: This incorrect representation was not of importance. He also pointed out as his own a mowing-machine which was under the shed, and which he said cost $125. It belonged to Norris Griswold.. The ice-house never existed, but said Foote said it could not be visited on account of the water upon the land where it stood. He told them that they could sell all their produce to the summer hotels, about a couple of miles off, and that a railroad was coming in the neighborhood which would enhance the value of the farm. There were and are no summer hotels within seven or eight miles or more of the farm, and no railroad was ever projected in its neighborhood. I omit the representations which he made of the condition of the buildings and of the land which really belonged to the farm, and of the wood upon it, and of the amount of hay which could be produced, and of the amount and value of cranberries which grew upon the farm, because they may be considered justifiable words of commendation, or false statements of opinion, which are not the subject of an action for deceit, or incorrect statements, the incorrectness of which could be discovered by the plaintiffs upon inspection. The plaintiffs were entirely ignorant of farming or of farming land, were confiding and trustful, believed all that said Foote told them, and would not have bought so.id farm except for said ignorant and innocent trustfulness. They bought the farm, and the personal property specified in a bill of sale, which the said Caroline Foote executed for the sum of $1,600; giving to her $600 in cash, and their note for $1,000, payable in five years from March 20, 1884, to her order, with 6 per cent. interest per annum, payable semi.annually, secured by a mortgage of said farm. By said bill of sale, the said Caroline purported to sell to the plaintiffs a mowing-machine and an icehouse. Neither the market value nor the actual value of said farm, and of the personal property. which was sold and delivered, exceeded $700 or $750. The misrepresentations of the said John H. Foote in regard to the farm, including the said lots of said Griswold and of said L'Hommedieu, a.nd in regard to the mowing-machine and the icehouse, were influential in inducing the plaintiffs to buy the property. They were defrauded by the sai.d Foote's intentional fraud, whereby they were deceived in essential particulars. They discovered the fraud, in to the non-ownership by the defendants of the Griswold and L'Hommedieu land, and of the mowing-machine, and the non·existence of the ice-house, in two or three weeks after they entered upon the premises, which was about the first of April, 181:14. They wrote to one Thielke, a cousin of said Schneider, who lived in New York city, and who accompanied them when the first call upon the Footes was made, and also when the papers were executed, ing of the difference in the cleared portion of the land, and in regard to the mowing-machine, who went to see Mr. Bischoff, the lawyer at 'whose office the papers were executed, who asked for the papers.
584
Thielke wrote to them to send the papers, but they were a.fraid to do so. They complained, in regard to the misrepresentations, to Mr. Foote in April and in June, and to Mr. and Mrs. Foote in September, 1884, but not earnestly or vigorously, and never requested a refund of the $600, or a rescission of the contract. They paid the interest due in September, 1884, as it was due, but have not paid the interest que in March, 1885. They were entirely ignorant in regard to their rights until they were taken by one of their neighborl:l, and mtroduced to' ala wyer some time in the early part of 1885. They did not tender a (leed of the farm to the defendants either before or at the trial, and :qever disaffirmed or rescinded the contract except by bringing the complaint, which is dated April 8,181;5, and did not, before or after the· first was brought, do or say anything to indicate that they did not wish to retain the property. On the other hand, a letter of theirs to tlie defendant, dated March 27, 1885, is inconsistent with the idea of disaffirmance. The condition of the case is this: Both real and personal property were sold, by one agreement of sale, for a round sum. The plaintiffs were greatly defrauded by the intentional and fraudulent misrepresentations of one of the defendants, who was the husband and the known agent of the other defendant. The contract was not disaffirmed, except by the bringing of a complaint asking damages on account of the fraud and also equitable relief. . The rule of law in regard to the right of the vendee of real or perRonal property to rescind the contract on account of the vendor's fraud, or, affirming the sale, to bring an action for damages for the fraud, hafj been often given. It is stated in Kellogg v. Denslow, 14 Conn. 411, as follows: ".A sale may also be rescinded by the vendee, in a reasonable time, if the vendor is gnilty of fraud in misrepresenting the article sold. But in all cases of fraud or warranty, whl;lre the vendee has the right of disaffirmance, he may keep silence, and bring his action in altirmance of the sale, either for the fraud or upon the warranty." Whitney v. Allaire, 4 Denio. 554; Mallory v. Leach, 35 Vt. 156; Bigelow, Fraud, 408, 413, 426, 427. If any unpaid notes have been given to the vendor for the purchase, the damages arising from the frand may be set up in partial or complete defense against the suit of the vendor upon the notes. In this case, the prayer for a rescission of the deed cannot be granted, because it was incumbent upon the plaintiffs, within a reasonable time after the discovery of the frand, to elect to disaffirm the contract, and, if such election may be considered to have been shown by.the institution of the suit, it was also necessary for them, at some time, whether before or upon the trial it is not necessary to decide, ,to return, or to offer to return, the personal property which was re'ceived, and to reconvey, or to offer to reconvey, the real estate of which they had the title. An attempt, by the aid of a court of equity, torescind the contract is ineffectual while the plaiDtiff is holdiugfirmly
SCHNEIDER
v.
FOOTE.
085
upon the property which is the subject of the contract. Thel'e mus't be not only an election to disaffirm, but the plaintiff must, so far as is practicable, revest in the vendor the title to the property which had been vested in the vendee by the voidable contract. PearsoU v. Chapin, 44 Pa. St. 9; Baker v. Lever, 67 N. Y. 304. The note and mortgage cannot be canceled, because the attempt to cancel proceeds upon the ground that the contract for the sale of the property was voidable on the ground of fraud. If voidable, it. must, as a general rule, be rescinded entirely, and there cannot be a partial rescission. "It is trl\e that, generally, a part of a deed or contract or sale be avoided without avoiding the whole." Veazie v. Willi.ams, 8 HoW'; 134. The decree in the Veazie Case, and which was not in accorda'nce with the general rule, was an exceptional one, and procee,ded upon the peculiar equities of the case, and upon the ground that ,in the contract there was a distinct line where fraud began and good faith ended. . So' far forth as the bill in equity relates to rescission, no decree can be granted, but the plaintiffs must be remitted to their action at: law for damages, without prejudice by reason of the refusal to rescind the contract. Rogers v. Durant, 106 U. S. 644; S. C. 1 Sup. Ct., Rep. 623. The original complaint was for both legal and equitable remedies. By the repleader in the equity part of the case, the action, at law was not abandoned, but still remains on the common-law aide the court. Fisk v. Union Pac. R. Co., 8 BIatchf. 299; La Mothe ]'v]anuj 'g Co. v. National Tube Works, 15 BIatchf. 432 j DUI. Rem, Causes, § 47. Inasmuch, however, as the defendants are non-residents, and Mrs, Foote is apparently not a property owner to a large amount, and, has the note for $1,000, which is for a part of the purchase money, and can be transferred by indorsement to a bona fide holder, without of any alleged infirmity, it is right that the transfer should be prevented by injunction, so that the rights of the plaintiffs may remain unimpaired. The bill in equity, to that extent, should be sustained, and the temporary injunction should be made permanent. New York Dry Dock Co. v. American Life Ins. et Trust Co., 11 Paige, 384. NOTE. The intention to rescind a contract must be manifested by some positive act. Davidson v. Keep. (Iowa,) 16 N. W. Rep. 101. Where the evidence shows that a party was induced to make a certain purchase by false and fraudulent representations as to the value of the property, he is entitled to a decree for the cancellation of notes given as part consideration for the property. Parks v. Burbank, (Iowa,) 12 N. W. Rep. 729. It is said in Seeley v. Reed, 25 Fed. Rep. 361, that a court of equity will decree a rescissiun of a contract obtained by fraudulent representations or conduct of one ofthe parties thereto, on the com}llaint of the other, when it satisfactorily appears that the party seeking the rescission has been misled in regard to a material matter by sllch rep:. tohis injury or prejudice. ; Where a pldintiff comes into a court of equity asking for the rescission, in whole or in part, of a contract, or to be relieved of a portion of a contract, and the taking of an account is necessary for the ascertainment uf the sum to be repaid, or the Stt!il to'be
586
liquidated by an adjudication based on evidence of facts independent of the terms ot the contract itself, an offer to refund such sum as shall be decreed is a sufficient 011'er to do equity. Sutter St. R. Co. v. Baum, lOal.) 4 Pac. Rep. 916.
GUTHRIE and others v. HARKER and others. (OiJrcuit Oourt, No 1.
n. Iowa, w: n.
May Term, 1886.)
TAXATION-TAX DEED-STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS-CODE IOWA.
§ 845. If the property owner allows five years from the execution of a tax deed to elapse, he cannot afterwards be heard to question the validity of the tax sale on the ground of the failure to make entry upon the tax-book of the years for which the taxes were unpaid.
2.
SAME-DEED FROM TREASURER TO HIMSELF.
After the lapse of five years from the recording of a tax deed, in which time the property has been often transferred on the faith of said deed. one cannot complain that the deed was executed by the treasurer to himself.1
Barrett « Bullis, for complainants. Joy, Wright « Hudson, for defendants. SHIRAS, J. On the tenth day of November, 1859, a patent was issued by the United States to John B. Guthrie for the S. W. i of section 29, township 97 N. of 41 W., situated in O'Brien county, Iowa. John B. Guthrie died intestate in 1875, leaving a widow, son, and daughter, who are the complainants herein, and who file the present bill for the purpose of setting aside a tax title obtained upon the reaity above described, and under which the defendants claim to be the owners of the land in controversy. From the evidence it appears that on the thirtieth day of November, 18ti6, the treasurer of O'Brien county sold the premises to one H. C. Tiffey for the delinquent taxes of 1861, 1862, 1863, 1864, and 1865, and issued the usual certificate of sale to the purchaser, who subsequently assigned the same to A. Murray, by whom it was, on the sixth of May, 1868, transferred to C. W. Inman, who was then the treasurer of the county. On the thirtieth day of November, 1869, said Inman, as treasurer of O'Brien county, executed to himself, as owner of the certificate of sale, a deed to said premises, which was duly filed for record December 21, 1869. The present suit to set aside the tax deed, and quiet the title, was brought to the October term, 1885, and two facts are relied on as grounds for defeating the tax title: (1) That thetax deed was executed by the treasurer to himself; and (2) that the treasurer did not enter upon the tax-book the years for which the taxes were claimed to be delinquent, as required by section 845 of the Code of Iowa; it being expressly declared In said secISee notelLt end of case.
In Equity.
Bill to quiet title.