566,
FEDERAL REPORTE&
murrer. U. S. v. Earnshaw, 12 FED. REP. 283; U. S. v. Bradley, 25 Int. Rev. Rec. 75; Westray v. U. S. 18 Wall. 322; Watt v. U. S. 15 Blatchf. 29, 33; U. S. v. Oousinery, 7 Ben. 251; Wills v. Russell, 1 Holmes, 228. '
WHITNEY
and others
ROBERTSON,
Oollector, etc.
(("'lircuit Oourt, B. D. New York.
September 19,1884.)
CUSTOMS DUTIE8-TREATY-ACT OF CoNGRESS-EXEMPTION FROM DUTY.
A stipulation in a treaty with a foreign power that .. no higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the United States of any article, the . produce or manufacture of the dominion of the treaty-making power, .. .. '* than are or shall be parable on the like articles, being the produce or manufacture of any other foreign country," does not prevent congress from passing an act exempting from duty like products and manufactures imported from any particular foreign dominion it may see tit.
On Demurrer to Oomplaint. Charles Stewart Davison, for plaintiffs. Elihu Root, U. S. Dist. Atty., and Sarnl. B. Clark, for defendants. WALLAOE, J. The questions raised by the demurrer are the same considered in the case of Bartram v. Robertson, 15 FED. REP. 212, and for the reasons stated in the opinion there delivered the demurrer is sustained. Judgment is ordered for the defendant.
HAYES
v.
BIOKELHOUPT,
Sr.
(Oircuit Oourt. 8. D. N6lJJ York. PATENTS FOR lNvENTION8-NoVELTY-PATEN'r
August 25,1884.)
No. 170,852. The first and fifth claims of patent No. 170.852, granted December 7,1875. to George Hayes, for an improvement in ventilating louvers, held, void for want. of novelty. .
In Equity. J. H. White legge, for orator. Arthur 'V. Briesen, for defendant. WHEELER, J. This suit is brought upon letters patent No. 170,852. dated De<fember 7, 1875, and issued to the orator for an improvement in ventilating louvers. There are five claims, the first and fifth of which are alleged to be infringed. A louver appears to be an opening in buildings croBsed by a series of slanting slats to exclude rain and snow, and admit air. The patent describes a louver with
HUES V. BIOKELHOUPT.
567
an outer reticulated covering and curved slats, called gutters, within, having flanges at the upper edges extending upwards, and at the lower edges extending downwards, both serving to stiffen the gutters, and the lower one for an attachment for the reticulated covering. The first claim is for the combination of the covering with the gutters, and the fifth is for the gutters themselves. These gutters are shown as slanting, and operating to shed rain or snow in the same manner as the slanting slats. The reticulated covering operates as a screen, precisely as it would if there were no slats. Neither operates any differently, or accomplishes any result in connection with the other different from what it would if the other was not there. They appear to form a mere aggregation, and not a patentable combination. Pickering v. McCullough, 104: U. S. 310; Double-pointed Tack 00. v. Two Rivers Manuj'g 00. 109 U. S. 117; S. C. 3 Sup. Ct. Rep. Further, slanting slats performing the same office as these were a part of common knowledge,-their existence is assumed in the as a known part of a louver, on which the invention was set up as an improvement. A screen like the reticulated covering was also well known. There would not appear to be any patentable invention in putting the two to uses together for which each was before well known separately. The flanges to the gutters for stiffening them were merely such addition'S as would be supplied by good workmanship when needed. They w.ere not new for that purpose. And the use of the flange shape for attaching the reticulated covering would appear to be very obvious. These claims appear to be without sufficient invention to uphold them. Let there be a decree dismissing the bill of complaint, with costs.
HAYES 'lJ. BICKELHOUPT, ((Ji'l'cuit OOU'l't,8. D.
New York. August 25, 1884.
and ventilators, are not to be found in the original patent, and are void.
2.
SAME-REISSUE 8,689-VALIDITY-INFRINGEMENT.
The second and third claims of reissued patent No. 8,689, for sky,lights and ventilators, are not anticipated by any prior patents or structures, are valid, and are infringed by defendant.
In Equity. J. H. Whitelegge, for orator. A. v. Briesen, for defendant.