810
FEDERAL REPORTER.
clamps, and transfers a longitudinal into a transverse motion, and heel clamps for grasping the heel. It omits the requirement of the second claim. The defendants' skate has laterally-sliding sole clamps, a longitudinally-sliding heel clamp in front of the heel, and fixed stops on the rear side of the heel-plate to hold the heel of the boot, both sets of sliding clamps being moved by one operation of a lever and an eccentrically pivoted cam. It is admitted that the skate does not in· fringe the second claim, becanse one set of clamps does not act as a resistance in closing the other set. Not having this peculiarity, this skate would not have infringed the original patent. It may well be admitted that it infringes the first, third, and fourth claims, and that it may contain the respective subcombinations which are included therein, because those claims are void upon the principle declared in Bantz v. Frantz, 105 U. 8. 160. The original patent was granted May 29, 1860. The first reissue was granted in 1868, the s'econd in 1875, and the third and present reissue on May 80, 1876,16 years aftedhe patent was originally issued. The defendant's skate was-patented in 1867. Under the original patent those who. did not use the entire combination, which included all the Bubcombinations mentioned in the rei$sue, were not infringers. r,rhese claims of the reissue are voiq, having been granted the date of the original and after the invenmany years' tion of another device which did not use the entire combination of Uiat patent, ltnd, when "the right to have .the correction made" had been "abandoned and lost by unreasonable delay." Bantz v. Frantz, 105 U. S. 160. ' The bill is dismissed.
SPAETH
v. Gmso}!. March 19, 1883.)
(Oircuit Cou1,t,8. D. New York.
PATENT!lJl'OR ·INVENTIONS-IMPROVEDSitATE-A1IrERlCAN CLUB SKATE.
The PPllrative locking mechanism is the lever; whicb 0perates as the ordinary the parts have passed centers and is automatically held in the ruuner by the pressure of the clamps, and the hook-like action alone of oue of the links would not keep the clamps closed or locked, but the efficient lod::.:ng cause 18 the toggle-joint anrl lever, the U1!e of which in , C:cfe"dall,i's,qevice willuc en)oiu\;u.·
SPAE'rH v. GIBSON.
811
Arthur v. Briesen, for plaintiff. A. J. Todd and Ben}. F. Thurston, for defendant. SHIPMAN, J. This is a bill in equity toiastrain an alleged infringement of reissued letters patent which were granted on February 18, an improved 1879, to the plaintiff, as assignee of Charles T. skate commonly known as "The American Club Skate." The original patent was issued to said Day, as inventor, on July 11, 1871. the reissue as The invention is described in the specification follows:
or
"This invention consists in the combination in aakate of movable clamps for graspingthe sole, and longitudinally-sliding clamps for grasping the heel at the back part thereof, a stationary spur or abutment foti the breast of tbe heel, and a hand-lever adapted to operate both sets of clamps; also, in the combination in a skate of the heel and toe clamps, and of a lever swinging on a pivot which is situated on one side of the center line of said clamps for the purpose of holding the clamps firmly in their closed position; and, further, in the combination, with movable clamps for grasping the sole, longitudinallysliding clamps for grasping the heel at the back part thereof, and with a hand-lever adapted to operate both sets of clamps, of a regulating screw for adjusting the clamps to heels and soles of different sizes."
The reissue contains four claims, of which the first and fourth only are .said to have been infringed. These claims are as follows: .. (1) The combination, in a skate, of movable clamps for grasping the soles, of longitudinally:slidingclamps fOil grasping the heel at the back part thereof, a stationary spur or abutment for the breast of the heel, and a handlever adapted to operate both sets of the clamps, substantially in the manner herein shown and described. (4) The combination, with movable clamps for grasping the sole, longitudinally-sliding clamps for grasping the heel at the back part thereof, a stationary spur or abutment for the breast of the heel, and with a hand-lever adapted to operate both sets of clamps simultaneously, of a regulating screw for adjusting the two sets of clamps to soles and heels of different sizes, substantially as set forth."
The origipal patent contained a single claim, which was as follows: "The lever, E, combined, a.nd ananged with the heel and toe clamps of a skate SUbstantially as specified/'
The lever of the claim is thu$ described in the· original tion: "As the pivot, Z, by which the lever is attached to the stem of the heel clamp, is eccentric in its position, and so arranged that when the lever is closed against the runner it will lie without the line of traction connecting the pivots of the toggle. D, and swivel, D', it follows that the lever will be automatically held in against the runner by the pressure of the clamps. Therefore there is no danger of the lever beiHIl thrown outward and tripping the wearer."
81:3
It will thus be scen that the claim and the specification of the orig. inal patent required that the hand.lever, which operates both sets of clamps simultaneously, should be eccentrically pivoted. The history of the patent shows that the patentee was compelled to limit his inventions, in view of his previous patent of December 28, 1869, to the combination of heel and toe clamps with a lever thus pivoted. The lever of the reissue must be construed to be the eccentrically-pivoted lever of the original patent. The advice which was relied upon as anticipating the Spaeth skate was the skate of Alpheus S. Hunter, patented June 22, 1869. The twoslmtes are organized in a substantially different manner in this respect. In the Hunter skate, (making use of the language of Mr. Brevoort, one of the plaintiff's experts,) "two adjustments are absolutely essential, while in the skate shown in the Spaeth reissue one adjustment is all that is ever required, and the difference arises irom the use in the .skate of longitudinally-sliding heel clamps and sole clamps, which are so drawn together by a lever as to permit one set of clamps to be arrested, while the other set of clamps is capable of further advancement." . The defendant's skate is described in the patent of Everett H. Barney of. October 11,·1881. The point wherein it is claimed to difter from the Spaeth skate is that what is called by the plaintiff the lower toggle link is called by the defendant a fla.t hook, which he says is caused to hook over the pivot of the sale clamp, and his expert says: "By means of said' hook only the clamps are then in a locked position with· outauy aid from said lever, and the latter may then, without in the le.ast affecting the positive looking of the clamps, be entirely disconnected. from said hook and swing freely on said sole-clamp pivot." I am of'opinion that the operative locking mechanism is the lever which operates as the ordinary toggle-joiht does, after the parts have passed centers; and is "automatioally held in 'against the runner by the pressure of the clamps." Ido not think that the hook-like Mtion alone of one of the links would keep the clamps olosed or locked, bt1tthat the .efficient locking caUEie is the toggle·joint and lever. Let there be a decree for an injunotion and an accounting. :
MATTHEWS V. SPANGENBERG.
818
(Oircuit Oourt, 8. D. N8'UJ York.
February 1,1883./
PATENTS FOR INVENTIONS-VIOLATION Oll' INJUNCTION.
Where defendant has been guilty of a contempt in disregarding the injunction of the court, but the act of contempt does not app.ear to be at all willful or defiant, but merely the exercise of a supposed right under advice taken and given in good faith, it does not deserve punishment as such, but he should make the orator whole as to the damages sustained thereby.
In Equity. A. v. Briesen, for orator. Philip Hathaway, for defendant. WHEELER, J. This cause has now been beard npon motion of the orator for an attachment against the defendant for an alleged violation of the injunction heretofore granted,restraining the defendant from infringing letters patent, reissued No. 9,028, grahted to the orator,da.ted January 6, 1880, for a soda-water apparatus. Onthe papers it appears that the defendant has continued the use of an apparatus called the 'Gee Invincible apparMus, which was at the hearing in chief adjudged to be an infringement, except that he has not used the parts which draw syrup; and that he has paid to the orator the damages found by the master to have been sustained by use of this apparatus by the defendant. It is argued for the defendant that this payment has freed the use of this machine from the operation of the patent. The damages recovered by the orator are not for a sale for use, which would probably free the whole use, nor for the use now complained of, which would probably be a satisfaction for that 'use and entitle the defendant to have it, but were for a prior use of the infringing device, and made satisfaction only for that use·. The use complained of has not been paid for, and is not justified by the payment made for something else. A part of the patent is for that part of the apparatus f()r containing and drawing the syrups; and a part for that part containing and drawing the waters. As the defendant has since the injunction, used the former part, he has 'not infringed that part of the' pat nt. The qualities of the liquids have nothing to do with the working of either part. The syrups CQuld any of them 'be contained' and drawtl in the parts for the waters, and the waters in the parts for 'syrups, as well as in the parts assigned to them in use, so far as the liquids themselves are concerned·. The patent is not for stonngand.dl'aw-