KIMBALL V. HESS.
898
machine, but contend .that it was made, or may have been made, as a model or illustration of their own patent. We consider the evidence of infringement of this patent insufficient to require us to compare the inventions with each other. Decree for the complainants.
KIMBALL
and others
'D. HESS
and others.
(Circuit Court, N. D.
York. February 26,1888.)
Where the patente.e appears to have been the first to discover a new method or process, the court will, if possible, give a broad enough construction to his claims to cover all such mechanical means as embody the real invention. 2.
SAME-INFRINGEMENT. The defendants employed the plaintift'B patented process of treating tobacco, with the exception that they made UBe of an equivalent for the gum arabic used by the plaintiffs to produce the same effect as that rendered by the plaintiff'. pro·cess. Held, an infringement.
Geo. B. Selden and B. F.ThuTston, for complainant. W. F. Coggswell and H. McGuire, for defendants.
WALLACE, J. Infringement is alleged of letters patent granted to the complainant as assignees of William S. Kimball, bearing date .June 30, 1874, for an improvement in preparing tobacco. The patent contains two claims-one for a process and the other for the product. The invention relates to a process of treating tobacco while being prepared for use by which the product known in the trade a$ "flake-cut tobacco" is made. Tobacco known by that name is readily distinguished by its appearance from other varieties of the manufactured article, but was unknown until it was introduced to the trade by the patentee about a year prior to obtaining his patent. When the process of its preparation is completed, the article as designed for use, instead of being fluffy like the long-cut, or ·fleecy like the fine'· cut, or broken like the granulated, is in the form of thin flakes, the particles adhering closely together and being hard and dry. When crumbled for use the flake-cut does not pack as closely in the pipe as the other preparations, and thereby facilitates a better draft, and the smoke is cooler and freer, and does not bum the tongue. Practi. cally there is no difficulty in determining what is meant by the term "flaky" as descriptive of the characteristic of the product.
394
FEpERAL
The utility of the jnve.ntion is demonstrated by the fact that the "flake-cut" speedily became recognized as an approved preparation of smoking tobacco, andsililce its introduction has commanded a large and constantly-increasing market., The defendants have added their contribution to the general acknowledgment of its merits by manufacturing it and introducing it to their customers. The validity of the patent is contested upon the grounds that the specification is so ambiguous and obscure as to render the patent void, and that there is neither novelty nor utility in the invention. The reasons why these defenses were held· to lie untenable were stated by the court orally at the close of the hearing, and it is unnecessary to repeat them now. It has been best; however, to formulate the views of the court in regard to the construction of the patent, in order that there need be no misapprehension as to what constitutes infringement. In view of the prior state of the art, the gist of the invention described in the patent consists in treating the leaves of the tobacco while they are being prepared for the cutting-machine with a solution of gum arabic or an equivalent adhesive material, so that the leaves will' adhere together without other pressure than they are subjected to by the cutting-machine. A sufficient quantity of the gum arabic so that the fibers will adhere or its equivalent must togother after pas8ing through cutting-machine, and remain in flakes or lamina aHar the product is dried, and prepared fQr use. This broad construction ,is given becausl1l the patentee was the first, so far as the proofs show,to employ 8.Jl adhesive material the process of preparation for the purpose of producing the flaky characteristics which not only serve to distinguish the product, but impart to it its peculiar value. The proofs show that tobacco prepltred for chewing has customarily been treated with a variety of materials for sweetening or flavoring it. Some, of these, like licorice, contain sufficient gum to produce more or less, adhesion between the leaves when they are moistened and pressed together in the cutting-machine. , They were never applied:with the object of· producing adhesion, and the degree of adhesiveness which they contributed,when appreciable, was inconUnless they are used in such proportions as to be not only an equivalent for gum arabic, but to impart the flaky characteristic after it is dried fully prepared for use, the patented procesaiS' n9t infringed; The defendants for a time adopted the pmcise treatment described inthe patent; subsequently, they with the gum arabic and saturated the leM'eli
BURDELL V. COMSTOOK.
of their tobacco with adhesivesuustances by sweetening .the:mwith syrup, and intermixing with the leaves what is known as plug-scrap, which is highly· charged with adhesive material. Their product, upon examination, is found to contain a greater quantity of adhesive prepared accordmaterial than the complainant's product ing to the process of the patent. Whether the defendants have thus attempted a colorable evasion of the patented. process, ,or whether in good faith they have believed themselves justified in adopting their substituted treatment, is not material. They have used an equivalent for the gum arabic of sufficient adhesive properties to impart the flaky characteristic to the product, when dried·. This is infringement. The usual decree for an injunction and accounting is ordered.
BURDELL
'V. COMSTOOK.-
(Oircuil Oourt, S. D. Ohio, W. D. March 11,1883.) 1. DAMAGES FOR INFRINGEMENT OF PATENT-WHEN EQUITY HAS
The proper forum in which to sue for damages arising from infringement of a palent is a court of law, but chancery courts may take cognizance of snch cases if they inv:oJve some element of equitable jll;risdiction; and when such courts have once rightfully obtained jurisdiction they may proceed and decree full relief. 2, SAME-SUIT'BnOUGHT JUST BED'ORE ExPiRATION OF PATENT-FRAUD ON EQUITY
J URIflDICl'ION, Where, though a bill in equity, alleging infringement of.a patent and praying for an injunction and an accouni, was dIed only dve days before the expiration of the patent and no effort was made to obtain an: injunction, hela that the prayer for an injunction was a mere pretext, and that the court never aoquired jurisdiction of the Gottfried v. Moerlein, 14l!'ED, REP.l'l'O, distinguished. A plain defect of jurisdiction may be insisted upon at the hearing.
3.
DEFECT OD'
In Equity.
.
IIoadly, Johnson & Colston, for complainant. Perry et Jenney, for respondent.
BAXTER, J. The prope,r forum in which to sue for 'damages arising is a court of law:' Root v. Railfrom an iJ;ifringement of way Co. 105 U. 8.,189. But chancery court8may . of such cases if they involve some element of equitable jurisdiction. l!tHcported by J. C. Harper, Esq., of the Cincinnati bar.