132 U.S. 158 - Robertson v. Gl Endinning

This is an action brought to recover an alleged excess of duties exacted by the collector at the port of New York. Defendants in error had imported certain embroidered linen handkerchiefs, upon which the collector, the plaintiff in error, assessed a duty of 35 per cent. ad valorem, under the eighth paragaph of Schedule J of section 2502, tit. 33, Rev. St., as enacted by section 6 of the act of March 3, 1883, (22 St. 489, 507,) which reads: 'Brown and bleached linens, ducks, canvas, paddings, cot bottoms, diapers, crash, huckabacks, handkerchiefs, lawns, or other manufactures of flax, jute, or hemp, or of which flax, jute, or hemp shall be the component material of chief value, not specially enumerated or provided for in this act, thirty-five per centum ad valorem.' The defendants in error paid this duty under protest, claiming that the goods were only liable to 30 per cent. ad valorem, under the eleventh paragraph of the same schedule, as follows: 'Flax or linen laces, and insertings, embroideries, or manufactures of linen, if embroidered or tamboured in the loom or otherwise, by machinery, or with the needle or other process, and not specially enumerated or provided for in this act, thirty per centum ad valorem.' Samples of the goods in question were produced in evidence, and it appeared that the body of the cloth was linen cambric,—that is, made of flax; that the articles were known in trade as, and were in fact, embroidered handkerchiefs; and that the embroidery was a substantial part of the handkerchief, and was done with cotton. All the requirements as to protest, appeal, and time of bringing suit having been complied with, the court directed a verdict for the importers for the difference claimed, upon which judgment was rendered, and the cause is brought here on writ of error.

The articles in controversy were embroidered linen handkerchiefs, and it is contended in support of the judgment that the provisions of the statute should be treated as if they read: 'On linen handkerchiefs, thirty-five per cent. ad valorem, but, if embroidered, thirty per cent. ad valorem.'

We cannot concur in this construction. The word 'handkerchiefs' is denominative, and not merely descriptive, and when an article is designated by a specific name and a duty imposed upon it by such name, general terms, in a later part of the same act, although sufficiently broad to comprehend such article, are not applicable to it. Arthur v. Lahey, 96 U. S. 112, 113, and cases cited. The eighth paragraph covers handkerchiefs, and also 'other manufactures of flax, jute, or hemp, or of which flax, jute, or hemp shall be the component material of chief value,' and the eleventh paragraph applies to flax or linen laces, insertings, embroideries, or manufactures of linen, if embroidered or tamboured, and not specially enumerated or provided for in the act Where manufactures of linen other than those enumerated in the first provision are embroidered or tamboured, they are subjected to the rate specified in the second provision. 'The test of the rate of duty is that of embroidery or not.' Arthur v. Homer, 96 U. S. 137, 140. In that case certain linen embroidered dress-patterns had been imported into the port of New York, and were held dutiable at the rate imposed on embroidered manufactures of linen. The acts of March 2, 1861, of July 14, 1862, and of June 30, 1864, and the Revised Statutes of 1874, bearing upon the subject, were considered. By none of these acts were such dress-patterns specifically enumerated as subject to a different duty; but linen handkerchiefs were, as by the act of 1883 they are, mentioned as among the linen goods for which a certain rate was designated. In Solomon v. Arthur, 102 U. S. 208, 211, 212, Mr. Justice BRADLEY, delivering the opinion of the court, makes the distinction between the use of a description applicable to many kinds of goods having different names, and the use of the specific name itself, entirely clear, and upon that distinction the disposition of the case turned.

We consider that distinction applicable here, and hold that these handkerchiefs, although embroidered, did not fall within the second provision. The judgment must be reversed, and the cause remanded, with instructions to grant a new trial, and it is so ordered.